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Rocket motor designs by International scientists and inventors, reflecting early work by German rocket researchers
Designs by various international scientists and inventors who have contributed to solving the problems of rocket motor development, based on the German preparatory work. Their combustion chamber designs owe much to the German pioneers in the field. Shown are design sketches by Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowsky) in 1914; French inventor Henri Melot, in 1920; German Friedrich Zander, in 1931; Bull, 1932; The American Rocket Society, with several designs from 1932; and The Cleveland Rocket Society. Views of rocket combustion research activity by Ernst Loebell of the Cleveland Rocket Society in 1933. He is seen outdoors in the snow with his apparatus. View of Loebell's test firing stand, and a picture of an actual test firing, outdoors. Ernst Loebell with model and rocket motor from his spaceship projects of 1934 and at the International Exposition dedicated to Art and Technology in Modern Life held in Paris, 1937. Cutaway views of the spaceship. The rocket motor wrapped in cooling coils. Rocket motor design by John Shesta of the American Rocket Society, from 1934. Design by Rene Armengaud of France, in 1934 and Deich in 1935.
Film 'Why We Fight' gives historical background to Adolf Hitler's plan of world conquest in 1930s
Film 'Why We Fight' provides historical perspective on Adolf Hitler's plan of world conquest. Image of Otto von Bismark and year 1863 is seen with quote,"We will dominate the whole world." Year 1914 and image of Kaiser Wilhelm II and quote,"God has made us for civilizing the world. Woe and death to all who resist my will." Year 1933 and image of Adolf Hitler and quote: My motto is,'Destroy by all and any means. National Socialism will reshape the world'." German eagle monument with swastika. Troops in precise large formation during Totenehrung (honoring of the dead) at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally as Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Viktor Lutze walk forward during the ceremony. Buglers blow and troops march at another Nazi rally. Images of military graves in a cemetery. Images of British soldiers blinded by gas attacks in World war I. Bodies of persons dead from diseases due to war. Fleeting images of destruction and grief from war, including hanged persons. Hitler at a podium flanked by Himmler. Closeups of Hitler. The buglers previously shown are seen again.Hitler standing with Viktor Lutze and Rudolf Hess. Brief images of Mongols marching and riding horses, with image of Genghis Khan. Map showing Mongolian 13th Century conquests in Asia and Eastern Europe. German Institute of Geopolitics in Munich, founded by Karl Ernst Haushofer. Closeup of Haushofer with backdrop of world map. Clerks in the institute cataloging information. German soldiers entering and studying in the institute. Brief images of economic wealth of the world, roughnecks setting pipe at an oil well, a "forest" of oil well derricks, harvested trees, steam shovels at an open pit mine, ore on a conveyer, cattle, farmers harvesting grain, flocks of sheep, and human labor. Animated map showing distribution of land area in the world and comparing Hitler's plan of conquest to that of Gengis Khan.
Joseph Goebbels speaking at a somber event. Adolf Hitler giving speeches on several occasions.
Joseph Goebbels is finishing remarks, to the effect that we can still have a life, during a gathering of Nazi party officials, in a room somberly decorated as if commemorating a funeral (possibly that of Paul von Hindenburg, in 1934). Small pictures of Hindenburg and Hitler flank a large imposing painting of Hindenburg, over a mantle. All gathered join Goebbels in saluting and repeating "Heil" three times. Next, Adolf Hitler is seen, speaking and haranguing audiences in several different venues and circumstances. Politician Hitler, in civilian clothes, having been appointed Chancellor, stands with German President Paul von Hindenburg and Vice-Chancellor, Franz von Papen, in 1933. Hitler, in uniform, signs a document during a ceremony.
Rise of Fascism in Italy and Germany after World War I
Animated map depicts the spread of Fascism in Japan, Germany and its neighboring countries, and Italy. Views of Italian Fascist "Black Shirts" marching bearing flags and rendering the fascist Roman Salute. Fascists participating in the famous "March on Rome" (“Marcia su Roma”) in October 27, 1922. Spectators line the sidewalks and side of the road. Brief (jerky) views of unrest and desperate crowds of citizens in post-war Italy circa 1919 and 1920 following World War I, due to unemployment and hard times. Italian people getting food at an outdoor soup kitchen. Fascists promising better times are seen parading and riding in jammed open cars. Benito Mussolini, who was elected to Parliament in 1921, is seen in a top hat, arms akimbo, standing with other officials. Glimpse of Black Shirts marching in front of the Palazzo Venezia (Via del Plebiscito, 118, 00186 Roma RM, Italy). Back to Mussolini, again, who now makes some remarks to those standing with him and expresses himself with exaggerated body language. Another glimpse of Black Shirts marching. Film transitions to Germany, where Adolf Hitler is seen walking through a dense crowd of supporters and some brownshirts or SA stormtroopers. Hitler's clothes resemble a military uniform. Next, scenes illustrating the terrible post-World War 1 hyperinflation suffered by Germany during the Weimar Republic. Various Deutschmark (Deutsche Mark) banknotes in ridiculous denominations are shown. Baker puts a 460 billion Deutschmark price on bread. People trying to buy groceries during this period. German militaristic marchers. Fascists giving arm salutes as they parade in a city street. General Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg (President of Germany) is seen standing in front of Germany's top military leaders. Directly behind him is Marshal August von Mackensen, in a fur busby hat with Totenkopf (death head) insignia. Other Generals wear pickelhaube spiked helmets. Hindenburg's closest associate, General Erich Ludendorff stands just behind and to the left of Hindenburg. Glimpse of German soldiers in more modern uniforms. Next, Hindenburg is seen reviewing troops in the company of their commander. Next, Hitler is seen with a group of German civilian industrialists whose interests he promises to support. Alfred Krupp Jr. sits, with his legs crossed, next to Hitler. Glimpse of Hitler, in uniform, waving from a window. People running as a cadre of mounted police canter in formation down the street.
German Chancellor Adolf Hitler addresses people during a rally in Germany.
Activities at a huge nighttime rally in Germany. Swastikas of the Nazi party are everywhere. Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess walk down a long aisle with cheering Nazis on both sides. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler along with his party members as he arrives. At the stage, Hess goes to the microphone and says simply: the Fuhrer speaks, and sits down. Hitler comes to the microphone and stands silent. Then he announces the end of something to which the audience responds with cheers. He then harangues the audience and speaks emphatically, forcefully, and with in an animated fashion. Seen during his speech are: Joseph Goebbels; Ernst Rohm; and Hermann Goering. People cheer. Hess comes to the microphone again and declares something to the effect that Hitler is Germany and Germany is Hitler.
German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler reviews Stormtroopers and addresses a gathering in Germany.
Nazi German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler reviews Brownshirts in Berlin, Germany. SA (Sturmabteilung) troopers parade and give the Nazi salute. Hermann Goering and other Nazi officials stand on walk in front of Hitler. The Stormtroopers march as civilians give Nazi salute. German soldiers march with Nazi flags. Brief view from above on Kaiser-Wilhelm Gedachniskirche Memorial Church (Breitscheidplatz, 10789 Berlin, Germany). Hitler addresses a gathering, speaking in an animated and emphatic fashion. Hitler brushes back his hair that has fallen forward onto his forehead. Reich officials and Nazi officers present for his speech. The crowd gives the Nazi salute. Nazi flag on stage, the crowd chants Heil Hitler while saluting their Fuhrer.