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Events surrounding the 1938 German annexation of Austria
Goosestepping German troops parade. A group of German Panzer I Ausf. A tanks armed with twin 7.92 mm machine guns, are seen crossing a field. A squadron of German airplanes flies overhead in formation. Spectators watch as Austrian Army troops assemble and drill in Vienna, Austria Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg speaking before the Austrian Federal Diet on 24 February , 1938. He rejects Hitler's plans for Austria, saying: "…Austria will go thus far and no further." Closeups of some Austrian citizens. German troops entering Austria, during the "Anschluss" on 12 March 1938. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain at Heston Aerodrome in London, England, departing on 29 September, 1938, to meet with Adolf Hitler in Munich, Germany. His aircraft taking off. View of anti-aircraft gun set up in London, with Big Ben and Parliament building in background. Workmen with shovels breaking ground for defenses in London. A woman wearing a gas mask, carries a baby in England. Prime Minister Chamberlain speaking at Heston airport upon his return from Munich, on 16 September. 1938. Views of broken shop windows in Berlin, Germany, following the "Kristallnacht" violent anti-Jewish actions by Nazi Brown shirts on November 9 and 10, 1938. Jewish refugee men, women, and children gather around a fire and outdoor kitchen in an encampment on a field. They warm themselves by the fire. Two women pump water from a well in the field. Closeups of some of the people, including a small child. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt at a table with members of his cabinet,
Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Neville Chamberlain, and Edouard Daladier, sign the Munich Agreement
Signing of the so-called Munich Agreement between Germany, Italy, Britain, and France, in 1938. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler and Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini ride together in an open car enroute to the Führerbau of the Nazi Party, near the Konigsplatz, in Munich, Germany. Each of the Conference principals enters the Führerbau (Arcisstraße 12, 80333 München, Germany). Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hermann Goering, Neville Chamberlain, and Edouard Daladier are seen moving about and conversing. They begin signing the accords. Hitler and Mussolini converse together. After the signings, Hitler shakes hands with the French Foreign Minister, Daladier, and the four principals, Hitler, Chamberlain, Mussolini, and Daladier, stand together.
Actions of Axis and Allied powers on brink of World War II in period 1937-1939.
Japanese troops parade for Emperor Hirohito, mounted upon a white horse. Italian troops goosestep and German troops goosestep on parade. View of an Austrian town with snow-covered Alps mountains in background as German troops enter Austria on March 13, 1938 during the Anschluss. Local citizens welcome them, displaying swastika flags and giving Nazi straight arm salutes. Troops, military vehicles, tanks, motorcycles, and horse-drawn artillery comprise the German invading force. Shifts to Spain, where war torn buildings reflect effects of German and Italian intervention during the Spanish Civil War. A donkey standing near field artillery piece. Artillery being fired from an urban park in Spain. Artilleryman using a range finder. German gun crew with heavy artillery piece. Soldiers wearing Adrian steel helmets, firing a two-wheeled water-cooled machine gun. Spanish carrying wounded on stretcher. Spanish civilians inadvertently slain during civil war conflict. Starving dog walking in street. Huge poster of Francisco Franco and view of him on reviewing stand saluting marching Nationalist troops. Repeat of Hirohito reviewing troops and Italian and German troops goosestep. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini stand together in open car heading to Fuhrerbau in Munich, Germany, for signing of Agreement between Germany, Italy, Britain, and France in 1938. Neville Chamberlain, and Edouard Daladier riding in car to Fuhrerbau. Views of the principals signing the accords. First is Adolf Hitler, followed by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Benito Mussolini, and Edouard Daladier. After the signing, the principals, plus Hermann Goering, mingle and converse. Change of scene to nighttime in Rome, Italy, where Benito Mussolini addresses a huge throng gathered near the Victor Emmanuel Memorial to cheer him after his return from Munich. Next, German troops are seen entering Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) greeted by joyous ethnic German inhabitants. Banners are stretched across a street. One gives thanks to the Fuhrer. Several scenes of cheering population. A woman strews flowers in a roadway. Hitler arrives, standing in an open car, and is met with cheers of adulation. A military brass band plays from the open beds of two moving army trucks. Signpost points to Prag (Prague), Eger (Cheb), Joachimstal (Jáchymov), and Komotau (Chomutov) after German annexation. Scene shifts to Prague, where German troops are seen occupying the city. High ranking German officers in a car are seen coming through the gateway from the Court d´honneur of the Prague Castle into the Hradčany Square. The next sequence shows an Italian Freccia-Class destroyer in the Albanian Port of Durrës. An Italian L3/35 Tankette is driven off a large cargo ship. Italian troops on bicycles ride in a city street. A German 88mm antiaircraft (flak) gun is shown, mounted at a fort overlooking a river and city. Final scene shows Adolf Hitler addressing a meeting of the Bundestag in the Kroll Opera House (alternate meeting place after burning of the Reichstag). He reads, contemptuously from an April 14, 1939 letter sent to him by U.S. President Roosevelt, asking him to give "assurance that your armed forces will not attack or invade the territory or possessions of the following independent nations: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain and Ireland, France, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Iraq, the Arabias, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iran." As Hitler reads through the litany of nations, the Bundestag erupts in laughter.
Lyndon B. Johnson speech on Vietnam War; scenes from World War II and Korean War
United States President Lyndon B. Johnson delivers a speech at a news conference in July 28, 1965 during the Vietnam War. President Johnson quotes a letter from a woman in the Midwest, "Dear Mr. President: In my humble way I am writing to you about the crisis in Vietnam. I have a son who is now in Vietnam. My husband served in World War II. Our country was at war, but now, this time, it's just something that I don’t understand. Why?”. United States Army soldiers in a Vietnamese jungle. A crying Vietnamese child. A man sits in front of a fire in the middle of a ruined house. Fascist leaders Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini during a parade in Munich, Germany. Flags of Nazi Germany and the United Kingdom. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain disembarks from in Munich for the Munich agreement. Nazi German guards turn their heads in unison. Adolf Hitler and Neville Chamberlain walk together. Crowd civilians perform the Nazi salute. Hitler and Mussolini in balcony. Neville Chamberlain reads the “Peace For Our Time” speech. “We regard the agreement signed last night and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again” Chamberlain said before smiling. Ruins of a bombarded city in Europe during World War II. Mussolini gesturing strongly during a speech. Cavalry soldiers on horseback in Ethiopia. Royal Italian Army fighting in Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Italian soldiers firing with a Fiat-Revelli M14 machine gun and advancing in field. Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia protests Italian aggression in the League of Nations. A stylized Nazi eagle statue in Austria. Austrian soldiers during the German Anschluss of 1938. Hitler and Austrian politicians perform the Nazi salute in Vienna. Explosions from night bombardment during the Korean War. Communist Chinese People's Liberation Army troops firing with Chinese Type 24 Maxim Water-Cooled Machine Gun and rifles in Korea. Soldiers’ feet climb and jump up uneven terrain in the battlefield. United States Army M46 Patton tanks pointing upwards and firing at enemy positions. An M46 Patton tank and trucks of the United Nations Forces crossing the 38th parallel line in Korea. Sign denotes the 38th parallel line. President Johnson continues his speech at the White House. “Why must young Americans, born into a land exultant with hope and with golden promise, toil and suffer and sometimes die in such a remote and distant place? The answer, like the war itself, is not an easy one, but it echoes clearly from the painful lessons of half a century. Three times in my lifetime, in two World Wars and in Korea, Americans have gone to far lands to fight for freedom. We have learned at a terrible and a brutal cost that retreat does not bring safety and weakness does not bring peace. It is this lesson that has brought us to Vietnam.” President Johnson said.
Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain and Daladier sign the Munich Pact in Munich, Germany.
Representatives sign the Munich Pact in Munich, Germany. Troops march, lined up. German tanks lined up. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler gets off a train. He drives in a car as people gather on roadsides to greet him. He enters a building. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier arrive and enter the building. Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain inside the building as they confer. Hitler and others at a desk as they discuss about the Munich Agreement. The statesmen sign the pact for an agreement over Czechoslovakia. Hitler and Mussolini confer.
Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, and Mussolini sign the Munich Pact in Munich, Germany.
Officials sign the Munich Pact in Munich, Germany, permitting Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in Munich along with German officers. French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier speaks to a German officer. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini enter a building. The officials sign the Munich Agreement.