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The discovery and production of penicillin and its first import to the United States
Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming isolates antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus at St Mary's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. A petri dish with penicillin. Articles on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy are published. Pharmacologist Howard Walter Florey extracts penicillin at Oxford University. In June 1941, tiny flask of penicillin brought to the United States. Chemists work and develop penicillin in refined form. Penicillin Production Factory. Penicillin is built in many forms. Penicillin is made in huge fermentation tanks and passed through many machines for purifying and refining. Quantities of penicillin reduced in gallons to recover it. It is concentrated in the laboratory. Water contained penicillin, evaporated at laboratory. Penicillin transferred to sterilized vials and packed in boxes. Penicillin prepared for use.
Japanese elders at a meeting table in the United States.
Men of Japanese descent at a meeting in the United States, circa 1941-1942, near time of opening of relocation centers and internment camps for Japanese citizens. Men sit at a meeting table. A man stands and speaks. A man wears glasses. A man smokes.
Fishermen of Japanese descent work on boats and United States destroyer ships at dock nearby in the United States
Fishermen of Japanese descent at work at a port in the west of the U.S.. Boats stand in water at a dock. Men work on docks and deal with fish. Group of United States Navy destroyers stands nearby at port. Japanese fishermen pull fishing net. Footage circa 1941-1942 near time of opening of Japanese relocation centers and internment camps in the U.S. during World War 2.
Story of Manhattan Project. Plutonium generated and separated at University of California. Manhattan project undertaken.
Story Camp Hanford during the Manhattan Project in World War II. Scenes of Dr. Glenn Seaborg and colleagues: Arthur Wall, Edward McMillan, and Emilio Segre, who generated and isolated Plutonium at University of California in 1941 A sign on a container reads 'First Pure 94 (239) isolated from chain reaction source'. A model of the atomic pile under the stadium at the University of Chicago, where Enrico Fermi, an Italian physicist, demonstrated controlled nuclear fission, on December 2, 1942. A map shows various sites chosen for Manhattan Engineer's District. Views of desert in Southeast Washington State. The Columbia River, for cooling. Electrical towers for power supply. An aerial view of project buildings in Hanford. Construction workers selected for the project in Hanford. Construction sites. Trailer houses for the workers. An aerial view of the plant ready for operation. Inserted view of Camp Hanford abandoned, in later years.
Plan for Peace, 1947. Public information film about U.S. Army Universal Military Training Project
Firing of a V-2 rocket from White Sands, New Mexico. An XP-84 jet aircraft on a test flight in California. Scenes of devastation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. An atomic bomb test conducted in Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands. Large smoke cloud rises. Americans expressing disgust with war and confidence in ability to protect against it in future. Newspaper headline about Armistice ending World War I on November 11, 1918. Victory parade in New York City. Close up view of Adolf Hitler as he speaks forcefully to a German audience. V2 rocket being launched in Germany. German Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet rocket plane in flight. Map depicting uranium deposits world wide. An XB-36 bomber in flight with landing gear extended. A huge formation of various warplanes in flight, high overhead. A wartime tank assembly plant. American army troops on parade. A United Nations meeting in session. Peaceful scenes of American soldiers in Hawaii before World War II in the Pacific. Hawaiian Hula dancers. Japanese carrier-based Aichi D3A1 dive bomber in flight during attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. Bombed U.S. warships and facilities in Pearl Harbor. American Army officer and civilian discussing wisdom of maintaing large standing army. Army recruits are seen in the U.S. Army Universal Military Training Experimental Unit at Fort Knox, in 1947. They are seen in quarters, studying; taking part in sports (baseball); and attending religious services in a base chapel. Several trainees in a field tent, working with numerous tape decks in some kind of military communications activity.
America plunged into World War 2. Montage of various World War II scenes over the span of the war years
American Jitterbug dancers seen at a contest in 1938. View of feet in shoes, as wearers tap their feet and beat time to music. View of drummer using wire brush on drum. Stadium of people cheer for a dancing cinematographer who is using a motion picture camera to film the event. In contrast, Nazi troops seen parading by torchlight. Nazi flags everywhere and Nazi party ceremonies, overseen by Adolf Hitler, in Germany. Nazis burning books. "Attention Jews" with skull and crossbones painted on stores and business establishments. Nazi Storm Troopers intimidating Jewish businesses and advocating boycott. Glimpse of Heinrich Himmler, in foreground, and Hermann Goering, in center of group of Nazi officials. Junkers Ju-87 Stuka dive bombers attacking Poland in 1939. German artillerymen firing heavy guns. A German railroad gun firing. German paratroopers jumping from Ju-52 trimotor transport aircraft. In contrast, patrons are seen descending in parachutes on the Parachute Jump ride at Coney Island Steeplechase Park, in Brooklyn, New York. Life Savers company sponsorship sign seen atop the parachute jump tower. People eating hot dogs, and firing guns at the shooting gallery on Coney Island's boardwalk. Germans march Polish prisoners of war. German troops invading Denmark and Norway. German troops passing a road sign for Chemin des Dames in Picardy, Northern France. Bomb exploding at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. American forces engaged in war against japan in the Pacific and against the Axis powers in Europe. U.S. soldiers throwing hand grenades. American wounded being carried on litters. People cheering liberating Allied forces in a European town. British soldiers on a vehicle displaying cartoon of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Soviet forces advancing in snow. U.S. steel and war plants in operation. Men and women war production workers in American defense plants and war materiel factories, using drills, lathes, and power tools in the spirit of "Rosie the riveter." C.I.O. Poster to promote voting, during the war. Closeup of Sidney Hillman, President of Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. Spectators line sidewalks to get glimpse of President Franklin D.Roosevelt (FDR) in a motorcade. Silhouette of two soldiers helping wounded comrade. FDR's funeral cortege. U.S. troops taking a break, in a war zone. American school children run into a field. An atomic bomb explosion.