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Garment workers demonstrating, for improved working conditions, encounter resistance in Eastern U.S. cities

Clothing workers in a factory in the United States. Street scene in garment district of Midtown Manhattan, New York City, in 1912. Garment workers, and supporters of their labor rights quest for better pay and shorter hours, pose for a photograph. Workers display many signs expressing their needs, in English, Italian, Russian, Hebrew and other languages. Garment workers, of various specialties, gather in demonstration for better treatment. Employees of the Alfred Benjamins Company refute management's claim that they are satisfied with working conditions. They display a large sign on the sidewalk. Four-sided box signs are also seen (written in Italian and Hebrew). Mounted police move along a street as a foot patrolman arrests a protester. Photograph of lawyer, Fiorello LaGuardia. Garment workers at work in a sweat shop. A large group of young women garment workers marching in a labor rally or demonstration during a strike. Two signs are seen, one reading: "Why are we prohibited from picketing?" and the other, partly hidden, explains why they are striking. A contingent of uniformed policemen with night sticks, stand in front of a building in Baltimore. Smiling women stand carrying signs. One reads: "Our employers are powerful (because) they are organized.We shall be more powerful." Another reads,"We shall fight until we win." Many other signs express similar sentiments. Portrait photograph of 17 year old Ida Brayman, with caption reading: "Who was shot & killed by an Employer Feb. 5th 1913 during the great struggle of the Garment Workers of Rochester (New York)."

Date: 1913
Duration: 1 min 27 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675036805
Debacle at Garment Workers Convention in 1914 leads to formation of Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America

United Garment workers (UGW) Union members discuss plan for 1914 convention in Nashville Tennessee. View from railroad locomotive traveling on a straight train track. A steam locomotive pulling a passenger train. Trainman on rail car waving a lantern. Views of the convention, October 12, 1914, in Nashville, headed by UGW President Thomas A. Rickert of Chicago. Labor union locals from New York, Boston, Rochester, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, were deemed in arrears on dues (although they had been on strike) and not allowed to participate. They walked out, with the Chicago delegation too. View of Telegram sent from Nashville, by the dissidents, to Sidney Hillman in New York, October, 1914, asking him to head a rival union. Photo of Hillman taking telephone call. A special convention at Webster Hall, in New York City, where dissidents join with Journeyman Tailors union and form the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, with Sidney Hillman as President. Key members of the new union are seen standing in front of a car. Sidney Hillman in his office dictating to his secretary. Copies of the new union's House organs in various languages. Amalgamated Clothing Workers holding signs in various languages. Workers pose on a truck by a sign reading:"A Fair Deal, A Chance to Live, Arbitration is all we ask." Workers in cars. Girls on roller skates wearing sashes reading: "Don't Be A Scab." A man in a barrel with sign reading: "Can't afford to wear pants. Pa works in an open shop." Women pose in sandwich boards that spell out: "Closed Shop." Philadelphia garment worker ostensibly writing letter to Sidney Hillman. Shop owners examine sewn item and shop records while man works at sewing machine.

Date: 1914
Duration: 3 min 35 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675036806
Images showing interests, culture, lifestyle and events involving Americans, including World War 1, in the period 1915 -1918

America in the World War 1 years, before and during the U.S. involvement in the war. View of Woodrow Wilson in academic robe and cap, as President of Princeton University. Steel mill with stacks belching smoke. Workers tap an open hearth furnace in steel mill. Children on a city street dancing and being sprayed with a fire hose to keep cool in summer. Boy hopping over the backs of his friends. Boys seated on a bench. Scenes from early motion pictures, interposed with images of Uncle Sam from Army recruiting poster: They are rapid montage comedy and stunt scenes, including Keystone Cops chasing fugitive; cars racing, gangster shootouts from cars; automobile hijinks; men raising barrier at railroad level crossing while a woman is left dangling from the raised crossing gate; car races and crosses railroad track in front of rapidly approaching locomotive; comic car chase down; line of 3 open top cars racing over an edge into a deep ditch, a motorcycle taking flight off of a road and into a river; a man waving warning flag frantically at a blasting site; The Cunard Ocean Liner ship, RMS Lusitania, underway; Newspaper front page about torpedoing of the Lusitania. American soldiers boarding troop ship for France in World War 1; View of the troop ship deck filled with U.S. soldiers. Various scenes of U.S. troops in the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in France during World War I: amid war torn ruins and destroyed buildings in France; firing French 75s and heavier artillery; soldiers charging across no-man's land; French and American soldiers caring for wounded behind the lines and in trenches of the battlefields; soldiers placing helmets and identification cards of fallen soldiers on rifles that are inverted, bayonet into ground.

Date: 1918
Duration: 2 min 3 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675036807
Post World War I political issues in the U.S.A. including Red Scare, anarchists, labor strife, and KKK

A huge crowd on streets of New York City cheering and celebrating victory over Germany in World War I after signing of the Armistice. A cemetery of U.S. soldiers died in World War I. Cross burning and views of hooded Klan members at a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) ceremony, with several uniformed U.S. Army soldiers in foreground, dimly lit (possibly at Stone Mountain Georgia but location not confirmed). Palmer Raid victims: Suspected leftists, left wing, and anarchists seen being led away in a group by police after their homes were raided and searched without search warrants, and some were deported, under program led by U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, during 1919 and 1920. (Second group shown is likely in Paterson, New Jersey; note sign for J.T. Doremus Hardware on building in background.) Palmer Raid arrestees seen behind barbed wire fences where they were held without charges for three months and denied legal representation. Some arrestees being escorted by U.S. soldiers in uniform. Vigilante businessmen and town leaders enforcing 12 hour work days at Steel factories in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania and Gary Indiana. Vigilantes (deputized and armed by local authorities) seen with rifles and shotguns marching down streets enforcing labor demands and countering steel workers on strike. They approach a striking worker on the road side and seize a stick he is holding. They beat a protestor with sticks. Together with police they begin to hit and beat back the protesting crowd of men. Someone fires a gun in the crowd and shooting starts on both sides during fight. An injured or dead steel worker on the ground is lifted up by a man and carried away.

Date: 1920
Duration: 1 min 54 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675036808
U.S. Labor strife - strikes and lockouts in the clothing industry in the 1920s

Post-World War 1 United States marked by labor-management strife and strikes, especially in the garment industry. Clothing workers are seen busy at their jobs in a factory in New York City. A man is seen symbolically closing and locking a steel door (narrative refers to a company "lockout.") Footage of police officers and crowd of laborers on New York City street. Police try to maintain order as crowds fill garment district streets in protest. Montage of persons awaiting a June 1921 decision by the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Kings County. Narrator announces that Justice James C. Van Siclen, has granted an injunction (against all picketing by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America). Narrator quotes Van Siclen's opening statement in the decision: "The court must stand at all times as the representative of capital, of the captains of industry..." View of Sidney Hillman, leader of the Amalgamated union (ACWA) sitting with other union members. View of a bustling New York City street lined with tenements and pushcarts in the lower east side of Manhattan. A man washing his face at a sink. A woman preparing a meal over a stove. Four children sharing a large bed. A gathering of idled clothing workers in a school room setting. Some in art classes. Dancers entertaining locked out workers. Young people presenting a puppet show. Narrator states that the lockout lasted 6 months, but the union prevailed. View of pleased union members.

Date: 1921
Duration: 2 min 56 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675036809
Scenes contrasting the frivolous with more ordinary aspects of the "roaring 20's" in America just before depression

Good times depicted in America during the so-called "Roaring Twenties." Automobile workers on a production line or assembly line. Double-decker buses and taxi cabs fill street in New York City. President Calvin Coolidge, accompanied by his dog, quietly fishing from a canoe. Girls in swim suits dancing around a Tuba player at a beach. Young women dancing happily at a cabaret, nightclub, or club. Behind them on stage is Texas Guinan (actress and speakeasy club manager). President Coolidge casting his fishing line, with another person seen in the rear of the canoe. View of couple's feet as they dance the Charleston in a cabaret. Girls,in bathing suits at a beach, run, like a chorus line, at the camera. Next are shown more mundane aspects of the period and some scenes of poor life, poverty, and unemployment shortly before the onset of the Great Depression. A city back street early in the morning. A man washes his face with water from a horse trough. A Milkman steps from his horse-drawn wagon or carriage to deliver two bottles of milk. People buying slabs of ice from an ice house (for their ice boxes at home). Boy and girl stand on slum or tenement fire escape. Laundry drying on clothes lines stretched across tenement alley. Two children in a family lying in a single bed. Other beds in the same crowded tenement apartment. Union-sponsored housing (founded in 1927) in the lower east side of Manhattan with sign affixed reading: "Amalgamated Cooperative Dwellings, 504-520 Grand Street. 83-91 Broome Street." Views of the Cooperative low rent apartment buildings.

Date: 1929
Duration: 1 min 40 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675036810