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The Rise of Japanese militarism in the 20th Century

Film opens showing reenactment of Japanese attack ostensibly against Formosa, in 1894. Japanese troops and artillery are shown. The event is depicted in a critical political cartoon. Next, Japanese Admiral Heihachiro Togo is seen in 1904, standing with other naval officers. Then, Japanese warships are shown, firing barrages of naval gunfire at the Russian fleet in Port Arthur, Manchuria. Huge black clouds arise from burning ships. Scenes of Japanese people celebrating their naval victory. Date shifts to 1910. Cartoon depicts Japanese annexation of Korea. Cartoon illustrates Japanese actions in World War I when, siding with the Allies, Japan acquired the German-held Shandong (Shantung) Peninsula of China, as well as German-held Marianas, Carolines, and Marshalls islands in the Pacific. Japanese representatives are seen participating in Post World War 1 international activities. They signed the so-called Five-Power,Four-Power, and Nine-Power treaties, and participated in the League of Nations. Glimpse of two Japanese officers, followed by cartoon depiction of the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands, that Japan insisted on keeping. Cartoon shows them being fortified. A Japanese military marching band parades down a city street while being cheered by spectators on the sidewalks. Next, Japanese military General, Baron Tanaka Giichi, is seen in uniform with other officers. Cartoon illustrates the so-called Tanaka Memorial document that Baron Tanaka allegedly presented to the Emperor, in 1927, outlining a strategy to conquer the world. Cartoon then illustrates plan of conquest by acquiring Chinese manpower; Manchurian iron and coal; Siberian timber, coal, wheat, and metals; Tin,oil and rubber from Malaysia and the East Indies. The United States is shown as the last conquest. Views of ordinary farm and factory activities in the U.S. Cars parked in the Ford Motor Company factory lot. Japanese officials and legislators meeting in the Diet (Parliament). Japanese theater patrons and a Japanese woman singing with an American-style band, are shown as examples of activities the Japanese Government sought to discourage. A Japanese female ensemble in traditional dress, playing traditional instruments, is shown as more desirable. Western dancing and western hollywood movies are shown and narrator states they were forbidden by the Japanese government. Japanese movie scene depicts ancient martial arts. A musical production on stage displays German Nazi swastika flag , Japanese rising sun, and symbol of Kingdom of Italy, celebrating the axis alliance. Japanese men are shown playing the ancient game of Chu Shogi, instead of playing Western card games. People are shown in a library, where Western books are replaced by more militaristic tomes, such as: "If we fight" by Admiral Shinsaku Hirata, March 15, 1930 (shown on film slate). Slate goes on to quote about attack on Hawaii as the first battle in war of the Pacific. Film cites another approved Japanese publication: "Arguments Against American Policies" by Kawashima Seichiro, Christmas Day, 1924. It discusses distruction of the American fleet and subsequent landing on the U.S. West Coast.

Date: 1944
Duration: 4 min 44 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675040807
US baseball players visit Japan in 1931; also anti-Japanese propaganda circa 1941-1942 during World War 2.

Huge crowd attends baseball game between visiting American players and Japanese team in Tokyo, 1931. Lou Gehrig, Al Simmons and Lefty Grove mentioned by announcer but not seen. American representatives walk out to pitcher's mound to greet pitcher. Shots of Babe Ruth hitting. Shots of Japanese player rounding third, sliding safely into home. Film suddenly morphs into anti-Japanese propaganda circa 1941-1942; shows Japanese newspaper publisher who was murdered. Scenes of sumo wresting and judo and kendo seen and compared to alleged acts of Japanese diplomatic and military treachery and spying. Shots of fishermen, tourists, barbers and others said to be spies and soldiers for Tokyo. Closeup of a Japanese man gardening. Japanese men on small fishing boats, raising boat sails, and pulling in heavy loads of tuna fish in nets. Japanese tourists supposedly taking photographs of American ships in Hawaii. Female Japanese barbers giving haircuts. Japanese military officials in Japan organizing papers, films, and incoming information. Japanese industrialist figure emerging from car. Scenes of Japanese industry supporting war preparations: Exterior views of Japanese factories in Osaka, textile mill operations in Tokyo, chemical plant operations in Nagoya, steel mills, and a large newly completed ship being launched in Nagasaki. Overhead view of steel mill operations. View of a slum town area in Japan and simple living arrangements of Japanese citizens. Japanese laborers at work in small home factories for textiles, pottery, and other goods, said to be in "semi-slavery." Workers include men, women, and child labor. Shows production of goods said to be produced in other countries that are pirated, mislabeled by Japan, and dumped at low prices abroad to undercut competitors. Products shown include factories and production lines for spark plugs, scotch whiskey, matches, silk, cotton, bottled beer, toothbrushes, hair brushes, hair combs, and American flags produced in Japan and offered for sale at lowest prices in the United States. Shipping dock areas in Japan showing large ships at docks, cranes in use, and importing of oil, rubber, scrap iron, tin for war materiel.

Date: 1942
Duration: 5 min 58 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675040808
Japanese attack on Manchuria, China, Hong Kong and Corregidor. Japanese industry and training of children for war.

Preparations for war in Japan during World War 2 period. Japanese laborers work hard in various factories. War production workers creating war materiel, armament, airplanes, tanks. Men and women at work in war production factories, together with child labor. Japanese troops mobilize and prepare for World War 2. Japanese soldiers on parade and Japanese tanks seen passing in review. Anti-Japanese propaganda. Japanese children being trained and doing various physical exercises. Japanese young boys perform drills and war combat training, calisthenics, and classroom testing. Boys wearing only goggles receive some kind of light therapy or ultraviolet or sunray therapy. Japanese youth and soldiers learning various martial arts (possibly Kendo or Bōjutsu) and hand to hand combat. War in Manchuria. Newspaper headlines show the attack of Japan on Hong Kong and Corregidor. Japanese soldiers seen fighting in wars. Scenes of war devastation and dead civilians in Manchuria and various areas where Japan has attacked. Bodies loaded onto carts and dead Chinese civilians in streets killed by Japanese. Japanese officer leading Japanese solders in a banzai cheer.

Date: 1941
Duration: 3 min 37 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675040809
Gun camera footage of United States Navy warplanes strafing targets in Tokyo during World War 2

United States Navy planes strafing enemy held beach installations. Bombing on targets in Tokyo. Gun camera footage of aircraft firing at a moving train. Engine of the train is hit. Strafing of Marshaling yard. Rockets fired at building below. Heavy smoke rising up after strafing. View of a busy thoroughfare, densely populated area and waterfront. Low barrack type building seen.

Date: 1943
Duration: 3 min 17 sec
Sound: No
Color: Color
Clip Type: Unedited
Language: None
Clip: 65675040812
United States fighter aircrafts F6F Hellcat and F4U Corsair on aircraft carrier USS Essex (CV-9); point of view approach from SBD Dauntless.

Aircraft of Carrier Air Group 9 (CVG-9), embarked aboard the USS ESSEX (CV-9), operating with Task Force 58, are seen returning from a strike over Tokyo, Japan, in February, 1945, during World War 2. They display the white double-diamond tail design of aircraft assigned to the USS Essex. F4U Corsair makes an arrested landing. Unusual point of view shot from rear seat, left side, of a Douglas SBD Dauntless aircraft as it approaches aircraft carrier, turns, and comes in for landing on the carrier deck. F4U Corsair taxiing to deck edge elevator and lowered to hangar below. F6F Hellcat touchdown for an arrested landing. Pilots seen in the cockpit.

Date: 1945, February
Duration: 1 min 34 sec
Sound: No
Color: Color
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675040813
United States Navy Task Force units underway in Pacific Theater

Task Force units underway, as their voices acknowledge dispatch. One ship sends a signal message through light. Task Force underway. Hoist about to be put up. Man standing next to, Twin 40 Mount looks towards the underway Carrier. Flight deck show parked aircrafts. Ships underway.

Date: 1943
Duration: 2 min 10 sec
Sound: No
Color: Color
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675040814