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Russians mistreated by government prior to abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. Latvian soldiers executed by German firing squad

Shows government suppression of Bolsheviks around time of Russian Revolution, and before the 1917 abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, in Russia, and by German forces in post-war Latvia, in 1919. Imperial Russian troops intrude on a gathering of persons ostensibly opposed to Tsarist policies. Slate states such persons are accused of "Pro-Germanism." View of a damaged prison building and high guard tower. View of women and children in a large common cell of the prison. View of prison wall from outside, with barred windows evident. Women walking about inside the prison, as an Imperial Russian guard walks past the cell. View through a barred window. The final short sequence was filmed near Riga, on May 26, 1919, by American Army cameraman, Lieutenant Johnson, who was in Latvia as part of a U.S. post-war relief effort. It shows three Latvian Bolshevik soldiers facing a German firing squad. Boots of the condemned (which were valuable) have been removed. The firing squad executes the Latvian soldiers. Next, the bodies of the victims are seen in a ditch where they had fallen. (Note: This entire film includes a mix of staged theatrical and documentary scenes from various sources, times, and places.)

Date: 1917
Duration: 49 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675056572
Scenes of combat and destruction in World War I. Russian refugees and soldiers retreating from stricken areas.

Referring to Russian operations against German forces in World War 1, Slate reads: "Disaster rapidly followed disaster. The German armies advanced and whole provinces had to be evacuated after 24 hours notice." The film continues with a montage of World War 1 scenes. Mounted British lancers charging across a field. A German gun crew standing by a camouflaged 7.7cm Feldkanone 16 artillery piece. Artillery shell exploding ahead and close to camera during battle. French soldiers charging out of their trench, into no-man's land. Gas shells exploding and gas drifting across a wooded area occupied by Russian soldiers and artillery, some of whom stand silhouetted without gas masks during attack. A hand grenade being thrown by a Scottish soldier. Russian civilians crossing railroad tracks and watching conflagrations from an artillery barrage on buildings in background. Closeups of buildings burning and destroyed by German shelling. Russian refugees leaving area of destroyed and burning buildings.The group includes several Russian soldiers. One, an ambulatory wounded, using an improvised cane, is assisted by a Russian officer and a woman nurse. The ground is partly snow-covered. View of smoke from fire sweeping over a railway line and station. Russian soldiers along with civilians heading away from the embattled areas.

Date: 1916
Duration: 1 min 16 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675056573
Russian Tsar Nicholas II and daughters, pay homage to a Bishop at entrance of cathedral or monastery

Tsar Nicholas II, of Russia, and daughters Tatiana, Maria, Olga, and Anastasia, stand on the top step of the church. The Princesses wait,in turn,to kiss a Bishop (hidden from view by Tsar Nicholas). The Tsar is dressed in white, and his daughters wear white dresses and summer hats. Greek crosses are displayed in circular emblems on each side of the building doorway. Other members of Royalty are on the steps as well, apparently waiting to pau respects to the Bishop. Anastasia turns to speak briefly to a uniformed gentleman behind her. A large display of flowers is behind them. Cossacks of the Imperial guards, standing on the steps, saluting. Scene shifts to trumpeters playing a fanfare in a courtyard. A tall wall is behind them (possibly section of Kremlin wall). Several officials stand on a small balcony, or stairway landing, above the trumpeters. Soldiers stand below near the trumpeters. An iron fence encloses an area between the trumpeters and the wall behind them. Another change of scene shows Tsar Nicholas II in military uniform, standing in a courtyard, near a table holding military awards for presentation. One officer stands behind the table. Many officers stand a few yards behind them. The courtyard parade ground is ringed by troops in formation. The Tsar steps behind the table as an individual in a long black coat walks briskly across the parade ground. (World War I; World War 1; WWI; WW1)

Date: 1916
Duration: 14 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675056574
Mobs and Imperial Russian soldiers participate in revolts in Petrograd, Russia in time of Russian Revolution

Slate refers to March 17, 1917, when Russian Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, and a Provisional Government was formed in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) during World War 1. It is followed by a few scenes from what appears to be a staged film enactment of a mob storming a palace. Soldiers and citizens, carrying sticks and clubs, rush up a stairway inside, while others are seen charging an entrance and beating on palace gates. A statue of the Russian Imperial Seal is seen with one eagle head broken. Next, actual footage shows a prison courtyard littered with debris. Bars on the doors and windows are bent and broken. Several persons are seen moving about in the debris. Later a group of people are seen at work cleaning up debris, placing it into a horse-drawn wagon. Slate compares this event to the fall of the Bastille during the French revolution. Russian soldiers loyal to the Bolsheviks and the Soviet cheer in streets of Petrograd. Armored cars and an artillery field piece are manned by the revolutionary Russian soldiers. A street is filled with Russian soldiers and some civilians.

Date: 1917, March
Duration: 1 min 4 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675056575
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin speaking at 2nd Congress of the Communist International and at the funeral of Y. M. Sverdlov

Vladimir Lenin addressing delegates at meeting of the Second Congress of the Communist International ("Comintern"), held in the Tauride (Tavrichesky) Palace, in Moscow, on July 19, 1920. Some illuminated candles on tables behind the speaker. (The sign on the speaker's stand, in Russian and French, simply asks attendees to refrain from smoking.) Next, Lenin is seen outdoors on a cold day, on March 18, 1919, in Red Square, Moscow. He is speaking at the funeral of Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, his close associate, and Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR). (Sverdlov died on March 16th at age 33.)

Date: 1920
Duration: 16 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675056576
Leon Trotsky arrives at a railroad station in a train and large crowd surrounds him, during Russian Revolution in Russia.

Leon Trotsky speaking from platform of a railroad train. Paper information notices are thrown to the crowd around the train. People in the crowd reach for the notices.

Date: 1917
Duration: 9 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675056577