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Overhead aircraft keep a watch on British and U.S. troop transports underway in the English Channel during World War I.

The British Fleet guards transports carrying American and British forces to France during World War I. Overhead aircraft keep a watch. A British convoy underway in the English Channel. View of airships overhead.

Date: 1918
Duration: 1 min 18 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675050557
General Edmund Allenby enters Jerusalem on foot through Jaffa Gate and reads out proclamation in Jerusalem, Palestine

British Army General Edmund Allenby, the Commander in Chief of the EEF (Egyptian Expeditionary Force), enters Jerusalem, Palestine on 11th December, 1917 during World War I. The Commander in Chief converses with commanders of Allied detachments and Attaches before entering the city. He shakes hands with officers and soldiers. Soldiers in the background. General Allenby enters the holy city through the Jaffa Gate on foot. He is accompanied by Allied Ministers and Military Attaches. Officers on horseback. Allied soldiers march. Standing on a platform Sir Allenby reads out proclamation of Marshal Law in Jerusalem (beginning of British administration in Palestine). A large crowd of soldiers and officers in front of the stage. A reception of civic and religious dignitaries. Sir Allenby shakes hands with the dignitaries.

Date: 1917, December 11
Duration: 4 min 41 sec
Sound: No
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675050558
World War 2 battle scenes; wrecked buildings and masses of displaced persons in Europe after World War II.

'Problems of Peace in Europe' produced in 1948, depicts reconstruction problems in aftermath of World War II and includes footage from during the war and soon after the war. Scene of desperate and hungry civilian people (possibly in Germany but could be elsewhere in Europe) scrambling over each other and trying to find food on the ground among garbage or wreckage, circa 1945 or 1946. European peoples massing to reestablish political order and seek relief in post-war Europe. Montage of images of people from all walks of life. Reminders of war showing aircrews in bombers and bombs falling. Batteries of rockets being fired. A formation of U.S. B-17s and a B-26 aircraft with D-day stripes, in flight. Allied bombing of cities with devastating effect (likely 1944-1945). Aerial view of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. Aerial view of a major U.S. industrial complex, with many smoke stacks and industrial pollution. Mass of workers leaving at end of shift at a U.S. manufacturing plant or factory. Views of two different streamlined locomotives pulling passenger trains at high speed, approaching camera position. Freight trains speeding on railroads. Farmers harvesting and baling hay by machine and cultivating fields with tractor. Multiple wide views of the K-25 building of the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, in Oak Ridge Tennessee, the world's largest building in 1944 when it was built, and an instrumental part of the Manhattan Project effort to develop the atomic bomb in World War 2. Huge sprawling industrial sites in America. Map of Europe. Street scene in Germany with destroyed buildings and rubble cleaned from street, but still piled up in places. Desperate, hungry, and poverty stricken German citizens rummaging through garbage piles for anything to eat or anything of value. Two very young German boys standing together on a street, with one boy smoking a cigarette. Children scrambling over trash and rubbish heaps.

Date: 1946
Duration: 3 min 18 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675050559
The challenges of reconstruction and rise of communism in Europe after World War II

Reconstruction problems in Europe in the aftermath of World War II. Examples of prewar Germany's industrial and commercial prowess, showing its consumer products and famous cameras. A German coal-burning power plant and miners extracting coal from Germany's vast natural supplies. Coal being transported by conveyer belt. Open rail cars loaded to capacity with German coal. A German iron and steel plant dependent on coal. Shift to postwar destruction including destroyed: German factory; locomotive; rail yards; trucks; farm machinery; fertilizer plant; farm fields lacking crops. Shift to prewar era with view of British coal cars getting ready to be emptied for export to Europe. Current postwar view of British coal cars and coal, that narrator says are barely enough for her own needs. View of prewar German coke being loaded onto conveyers. Coal miners receiving food ration cards. Animated map showing "Iron Curtain," of Soviet occupation, separating traditional German regions of agriculture from those of industry. British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin; French Foreign Minister, Georges Bidault; Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov; and U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall; are seen at the Paris Conference in 1946 where they negotiated the postwar future of Germany. Reminder footage of Hitler with brownshirts in 1930s. Italian police coping with communist inspired unrest in Italy. Bombed out buildings in snow. Europeans literally scratching for bits of food from pavement and trash heaps. Two women fighting with each other during time of shortages and ration. Dejected woman. French Communist party leader, Maurice Thorez, speaking to a large crowd. Party flag with hammer and sickle behind him.

Date: 1948
Duration: 3 min 17 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675050560
Illustration and comments about post--World War II spread of communism driven by policy and actions of the Soviet Union

Soviet Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrey Vyshinsky (aka Andrei Vishinsky), making an impassioned speech, in 1948. Adolf Hitler making one of his bombastic speeches, during World War II. Animated map of Europe, showing countries becoming puppet states under post-World War 2 expansionism by the Soviet Union. It also highlights unrelenting Soviet hold over postwar zones of occupation in Austria and East Germany. The map goes on to illustrate expanding communist reflected in politics of Italy, France, Greece, and Finland.

Date: 1948
Duration: 51 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675050561
The Marshall Plan being launched to assist recovery of Europe after World War II

Rail cars on the November, 1947 "Friendship Train," at a sea port in the U.S.A. Behind it is seen the funnel of the SS Exiria, of the American Export Lines. The camera moves around to show the Exiria, displaying a large American flag and words,"Friendship Food Ship," on her hull. A steam locomotive on train in France, delivering relief supplies, displays crossed American and French flags on it. Trucks on road in France, displaying French and American flags and pictures of the Freedom Train on their sides, with words:"Ravitaillement, offert spontanment au peuple de France à partir de peuple Americain." (Refueling, spontaneously offered to the people of France from American people.) The SS Exiria docked in an Italian port. A catholic priest and several nuns with a group of boys, standing on the pier, wave American flags. Another group of American girls enthusiastically wave American flags. A large crowd waves several large Italian flags. President Harry S. Truman, at his desk on the White House, Washington, DC, signs the Economic Recovery Act of 1948 (AKA Marshall Plan). Secretary of State Marshall speaking in support of the legislation before Congress. Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, of Michigan, speaking in support of the bill.

Date: 1947, November
Duration: 2 min 9 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675050562