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German rocket developments during 1930s
A man holds two rockets. The one shown on the left with the white nose is a double rocket. (These were demonstrated for the Navy at Meppen.) Flag flying over a cabin (named "Arenshorst," by Reinhard Tiling) as rocket firing trials get underway on the island of Wangerooge in the North Sea,during December 1930. Reinhard Tiling emergea from the cabin, carrying a long slender rocket . His assistant Angela Buddenboehmer, and another man (possibly Richard Tiling) follow him across the sand dunes. Two photographers are present and several other men. Tiling inserts the rocket into a launch frame already set up. The team elevates the launcher and Tiling makes some adjustment. At a signal from Tiling, Angela Buddenboehmer pushes a plunger on the ignition control box and the rocket fires and rises. Reinhard Tiling, Buddenboehmer, and Richard Tiling watch it in the sky. Several more launches are shown. Pictures of rocket projectile missiles being launched at Dummersee on April 15, 1931, and of larger missiles at later times.
Key events involving German rocket pioneer Reinhold Tilling
Opening slate states (in German) that as early as August 1933, Reinhold Tilling's rockets were test fired from aircraft. However, while Germany paid little attention, Russia and England showed in this work. View of airplane with two Tilling rockets under its wings. Closeup of the one under the right wing. Pilot climbs into cockpit of the plane. Slate reads: Shooting from the aircraft in 1933-34, the rockets achieved distances of 500 meters at altitudes of 7000-8000 meters. Still pictures taken from the ground of the rockets leaving trails as they are launched from the aircraft. The airplane is also seen in at least one photograph. One picture shows a rocket exploding in the air. Scene shifts to view of fire burning at one of Reinhold Tillings workshops, at Osnabruck, Germany, where he and his two assistants, Angela Buddenbohmer and Friedrich Kuhr, were killed when gunpowder charges they were compressing for rocket motors exploded, on October 10, 1933. Photos of Tilling and his assistants are shown. Final scene shows a public memorial to the deceased trio, which includes flowers from several groups, including the Nazi party. Nazi swastika flags are displayed in the background. One floral tribute also contains an airplane propeller. A large greenery Christian cross is seen as well as three small brass menorahs, one at each of the three mounds of flowers.
Rocket research and development work carried on by Richard Tiling, in Germany, after death of his brother, Reinhold Tiling
Following his death in 1933, Reinhold Tiling's work on rocketry was carried forward by his brother, Richard, who successfully worked on perfecting projectile missiles,and especially on improving the explosion safety of propellants, during 1934. A photograph of several rockets is shown, followed by a series of animated design sketches. Slate refers to Swirl nozzle provided with rotating projectile in describing one sketch. Another is described as Richard Tiling's design of Projectile missiles to shoot down aircraft. Richard Tiling and assistants are shown standing over many rocket projectiles in preparation for a demonstration before the Navy and the Army Ordnance Department in Meppen on April 17, 1934 (in which they were shot distances reaching 12 thousand meters). View of a 10 centimeter rocket on its launching stand. Richard Tiling and assistants placing a missile on a stand. Views of 10 and 15 centimeter missiles at a demonstration in Cuxhaven in Summer, 1934. The missiles are shown on the ground. Launching stand for direct and indirect fire with special "Dickkopf" missile. Catapult launch frame for 10 and 15 centimeter projectiles in April, 1934. Photograph of a 10 cm projectile being fired.
Friedrich Schmiedl's rocket-mail in Austria.
Friedrich Schmiedl rocket-mail experiments in Austria for delivering postal mail over a distance. Schmiedl stands with a rocket. A launch site at Schöckl, near Graz, with a stand on ground. A rocket is launched. A rocket carrying postal mail descending by means of a parachute attached to it.
Gerhard Zucker and others attempting to develop postal rockets in the 1930s.
Slate refers to efforts to overcome problems with compressed powder rockets. A large crowd is gathered to watch a demonstration of a Zucker mail rocket. Gerhard Zucker walks ahead and left of Several uniformed Brown Shirts, AKA Nazi Stormtrooper (Sturmabteilung) as they carry a large rocket down some stairs at a beach. Uniformed Hitler youth (Hitlerjugend) are also seen in the crowd of spectators. A cinematographer sets up his camera on structure near the water. Next, the rocket is seen set upon its inclined launching stand as Zucker makes ready the four rockets on each side of the large mail carrier. Closeup of Zucker doing this as another person deposits mail through a door atop the rocket body. Scene shifts to the Wadden Sea off Cuxhaven,on April 9, 1933, where Zucker follows Nazi Stormtroopers carrying the mail rocket across wet sands. Spectators stand shoulder-to-shoulder atop a hill in the background.Zucker standing alone next to the rocket. He and an assistant ignite the 8 side rockets and the mail rocket takes off. But, instead of heading straight, it noses up and loops over backwards, falling to the sand. Stormtroopers lift up the damaged device. Later, Zucker is seen designing a launch with concentric guide rings. He made several attempts in 1934 and 1935, to convince British Royal Mail officials of the viability of rocket mail. He is seen in the last attempt on the Isle of Wight, in January, 1935, standing by his rocket, surrounded by English spectators. His launch stand with concentric rings is clearly seen. He places mail in the rocket body and drops it down through the rings on the launch stand, ignites it and it appears to take off smoothly.(It actually failed.) Views of Belgian Karl Roberti and his postal rocket. An American rocket carrying a line out to a boat needing rescue offshore.
Liquid rocket research and development, led by Robert H. Goddard, in America
Robert H. Goddard with the first flight of a liquid fuel rocket on March 16, 1926, in Auburn, Massachussets. He stands next to the rocket perched high on a launching frame. Goddard uses a long pole and can of benzene to fuel the rocket. Photogaph of his camera and barograph used on July 17, 1929. An 18 meter tower being prepared. A 6 meter high test stand. The barrel could be filled with water and serve as ballast. Picture of a Performance recording device. A man in a protective bunker 15 meters from the launch point for tests in New Mexico. A man using a telescope to observe from a shed 900 meters from the launch point. Another with a telescope and recording device on a tripod. Pictures from the first gyro-controlled rocket flight on April 19, 1932
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