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Professor Eugen Sänger's ideas for using rockets in national defense and space exploration
Drawings and pictures of Professor Eugen Sänger's S.R.13 and 14 Rocket motors from September, 1934. He holds a motor in his hand and points out its features. Photograph of Austrian patent certificate number 144809 issued to Doctor Eugen Sänger in Vienna, effective September 15, 1935, for Rocket engine and method for its operation. Glimpse of illustrations in the document. Drawing of planned 500 Kg thrust rocket motor designed by Sänger Rocket Motors. Eugen Sänger's drawings for a rocket-propelled missile to hunt airplanes. Design of a rocket motor (the S.R.X), on June 10, 1934, with 1000 kg thrust for a tropospheric experimental aircraft. Image of a letter to Dr.Sänger, from the the Federal Ministry of National Defense, dated February 3, 1934, stating that his ideas were not practially realizable.
The German Air Sports Association is absorbed into the Experimental Department of the German Air Guard in 1934
Rolf Engel led a 1933 study group on special problems of liquid fueled rocket engines. Engel and members of the study group are seen at work. Beginning of a standardization and classification for the rocket problems. A diagram showing characteristics of rocket engines with standard nomenclature. A man with standardized rocket engine testing equipment. View of the standardized 6-copy multiple professional device for recording rocket engine performance. The work of Rudolf Nebel on the Rocket field of Berlin-Reinickendorf was continued under the leadership of Fritz Beck of the testing department of the German air guard (LSS) in 1933. But it was canceled in the spring of 1934 when the LSS took over direction of the German Air Sports Association. Letters to the Association noting that lessons of World War One point out the value of the Associations technical capabilities to National defense. They also mention matters of particular interest to the German Air Guard, such as rockets and Rocket torpedoes. An organizational chart showing various components under the Experimental Department of the German Air Guard.
Rocket motor designs by International scientists and inventors, reflecting early work by German rocket researchers
Designs by various international scientists and inventors who have contributed to solving the problems of rocket motor development, based on the German preparatory work. Their combustion chamber designs owe much to the German pioneers in the field. Shown are design sketches by Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowsky) in 1914; French inventor Henri Melot, in 1920; German Friedrich Zander, in 1931; Bull, 1932; The American Rocket Society, with several designs from 1932; and The Cleveland Rocket Society. Views of rocket combustion research activity by Ernst Loebell of the Cleveland Rocket Society in 1933. He is seen outdoors in the snow with his apparatus. View of Loebell's test firing stand, and a picture of an actual test firing, outdoors. Ernst Loebell with model and rocket motor from his spaceship projects of 1934 and at the International Exposition dedicated to Art and Technology in Modern Life held in Paris, 1937. Cutaway views of the spaceship. The rocket motor wrapped in cooling coils. Rocket motor design by John Shesta of the American Rocket Society, from 1934. Design by Rene Armengaud of France, in 1934 and Deich in 1935.
Frido W. Kessler's rocket-propelled mail plane launches on frozen lake Greenwood, New York, United States, 1936
Frido W. Kessler and his rocket-propelled mail plane. (Allegedly, the first scheduled mail-delivery rocket flight) Kessler is seen in his workshop with his test stand and apparatus. Launch of Kessler's first winged liquid-fueled (liquid oxygen and Kerosene) mail rocket plane on frozen Greenwood Lake, New York, February 23,1936. Launch team opens the nose to insert mail into the rocket-propelled glider plane (reportedly designed by German rocket pioneer Dr. Willy Ley). Kessler poses with a little girl, Gloria Schleich Quackenbush, for whom the plane is named. She holds a silver cup of snow. They are surrounded by a cluster of men. Photographic equipment is set up next to them. The girl, Gloria, empties the cup of snow onto the tail of the rocket plane, to Christen it "Gloria (I)." Launch team fueling the rocket from containers. A technician in fireproof protective suit lights fuel at tail of the plane. It flares up in flames and then settles down with normal rocket burn, and leaves the launch stand. (A second rocket plane is seen sitting on the ice near the launch stand.) The rocket glider only goes about 20 feet before falling onto the ice. Team members look over the stand and prepare to try again with Kessler's second plane, the "Gloria (II)." They load the mail (6000 letters and postcards) into the nose and set the plane on the launch stand. It launches very nose high, and strikes the ice near the stand. But the rocket motor continues to propel it across the ice until it takes off again and continues, a way in the air until flipping over and crashing on the ice. View of people surrounding the broken plane on the ice. (Note: The second attempt carried the Gloria II and its mail, about 2000 feet, far enough to cross the border from New York into New Jersey, constituting an interstate mail delivery, and making the letters and post cards worthy mementos of the event.)
Some rocket motor designs of 1930s and speculation about future of rocketry
Liquid Rocket motor design drawings of various pioneers in the field, from the American Rocket Society, including: Constantin Paul van Lent (aka Constantin Tselentis,aka Constantin Lent, aka Dr. Constantin Paul van Lent) 1936; Alfred Africano, 1937; Reed,1937; Wild,1938; H.F. Pierce and Nathan Carver, 1938. Slates refer to the post World War I period through about 1938, as the beginnings of rocket flight, and the immediate subsequent period as the second phase of achievement that could lead to high altitude and long range rocket missiles and even manned spaceships. Slate suggests that future of rocketry is limited only by our imagination. Next are imaginary, science fiction scenes like a science fiction movie, showing a major city, in Germany, as a rocket ship travels away from it, and eventually showing Europe, and the earth from outer space, as the rocket travels into the blackness, beyond. Slate comments about eternal longings related to human flight.
Bomb damage and devastation in wake of World War II in Berlin, Germany.
Destroyed remains of Berlin, Germany as seen right after World War 2. Aerial view from airplane flying over remains of the city heavily damaged by Allied bombing. Buildings and statues of the city. People walk on roads. Debris at entrance to a subway station with Brandenburg Gate in background. Street sign identifies Wilhelm Strasse.
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