The raw materials used in manufacturing of steel are carried by ore cranes and transfer cars, into a blast furnace, to be smelted. Steel workers drill out the clay tap plug, tapping the blast furnace, and molten iron runs out into runners in floor, amidst flame, smoke and fumes. A technician reads the temperature of the pour using an optical pyrometer.The molten iron creates flames, smoke and fumes as it progresses to empty into a large specially designed rail car, pulled by a locomotive.
Adding scrap to the charge of an open hearth furnace during steel making. Steel Workers use crane to pick up scrap for adding to the charge of an open hearth furnace. Workers sort scrap by noting the kinds of sparks produced as it is touched to a grinding wheel. Scrap is charged into the furnace by means of machines on rails. Operator seen at controls of charging machine. Under control of operator seen in booth above, molten iron is poured into the furnace from a huge Ladle. . Workers manually shovel Ferro manganese into the furnace, in measured quantity, to control the oxygen content. Furnace is tapped by burning and ramming a plug and molten steel flows in ladle. Molten steel is 'teemed' into ingot molds. Technician checks temperature of the steel with an optical pyrometer.
Steel is manufactured in sufficient quantities in electric furnaces where higher temperatures are attained under close control in a manufacturing plant. Two workers inspect the furnace. Another worker manipulates electrical switches and controls on a panel. Molten iron seen splashing through open furnace door. Workers wearing protective glasses manually shovel measured quantities of alloying elements into the hot furnace at the factory.
Manufacture of Steel during World War II in United States. Bessemer converter seen in tilted position being charged with molten iron from a ladle, under control of crane operator. Bessemer converter operator manipulates lever to cause converter to tilt up and air to blast through the molten iron. This burns excess carbon, silicon and manganese and converts the iron into steel. Molten steel is poured into molds. which are removed after steel solidifies. Hot ingots are moved on rail cars to a place, where they attain a uniform temperature and are ready for rolling. Ingots stored in pit.
Steel production in the United States during World War II. Overhead crane lifts steel ingot and places it into carrier that discharges it onto bed of blooming mill, where it is shuttled back and forth between different segments of water-cooled rollers until it is finally converted into a long steel bar. The steel bar is then rolled through a continuous bar mill, where it is reduced in thickness as it passes successive stations of the mill. At the end, the bar is cut into uniform lengths.
Steel production in the United States during World War II. A steel slab produced from an ingot, is spread on a rolling mill, where it is shuttled back and forth through a succession of water-cooled rollers until it obtains the desired shape. Temperature is monitored and recorded by automatic device. Side view of hot steel plate passing between two rollers. Rolling mill operator seen in control booth. Worker monitors gauges on a panel.. The steel plate continues to reduce in thickness until it becomes a steel sheet.
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