German Luftwaffe aircraft on bombing runs over England during Battle of Britain blitzkrieg in World War 2. British plane spotters in office. Royal Air Force plotting room with officers planning to combat German bombers during blitz. Aerial view of German Heinkel He-111 bombers in flight. Royal Air Force Spitfire warplanes in formation. The Spitfires engage in dogfights with German planes over England. R.A.F. Hurricane aircraft pursues a German bomber. Pilot hand seen pressing button to fire guns. Gun camera footage from British RAF aircraft shows the German Luftwaffe bomber aircraft as it is hit and crashes into the English Channel. Multiple aerial battle and dogfight scenes between British and German aircraft are seen. Guns on RAF planes fire. Anti aircraft gunners and plane spotters on a post in England. A civilian spotter writes swastika symbols on chalk on a wall, representing German aircraft downed. Scenes inside a control room where spotters are relaying German enemy aircraft sightings to controllers deploying British defenses. Smoking ruins of buildings in London during the Blitz in the Battle of Britain. Prime Minister Winston Churchill seen touring the streets with citizens and being cheered by citizens. Narration on clip is in Japanese.
Italian fascist supporters (also known as the “Black Shirts”) march with black flags in Piazza Venezia, the central hub of Rome, Kingdom of Italy, during World War 2. Behind the fascist rally is the Victor Emmanuel II National Monument (also known in Italian as the Altare della Patria or “Altar of the Fatherland”). Italian men in fashionable two-piece suits march down from the Via 4 de Novembre street towards Piazza Venezia. Italians marching towards Piazza Venezia in the Parco di Colle Oppio (Oppian hill) near the Roman Colosseum. Italian crowds with flags walk to Piazza Venezia in the Via dei Fori Imperiali near the Roman Colosseum, Roman Forum and the Capitoline Hill. Fascist supporters crowd the whole Piazza Venezia as seen from the Altar of the Fatherland. The Palazzo Bonaparte, Basilica di San Marco, Via del Corso and the Generali Assicurazioni Insurance Company Rome headquarters can be seen from the Altar of the Fatherland. Crowds waving the royal Italian flag cheer. Fascist supporters hold placards while marching in Via del Corso, the main shopping street in Rome linking to Piazza Venezia. Crowds cheer in front of the Palazzo Venezia, the office of Italian Prime Minister and il Duce, Benito Mussolini. Benito Mussolini emerges from his iconic balcony in the Sala del Mappamondo of the Palazzo Venezia. From his balcony in Palazzo Venezia, Benito Mussolini delivers his notable speech declaring war on France and Great Britain. Italians cheer on Benito Mussolini after he delivers his speech from the balcony. Royal Italian flag flies in the Altar of the Fatherland as crowds gather to listen to Benito Mussolini’s speech in Palazzo Venezia. Italians cheer on Benito Mussolini emerging in balcony with an Italian official. Mussolini’s balcony is flanked by two fasces, an ancient Roman weapon used as a symbol of Italian fascism. From his balcony, Benito Mussolini gives a Roman Salute to the cheering crowd.
Victory in Europe Day celebrated in London, England with the end of World War II. Crowd in Parliament Square. War Office building at Whitehall (now Old War Office Building) as seen from Parliament Square. Prime Minister of England Winston Churchill leaves House of Commons preceded by ushers and followed by Members of Parliament. Procession walks through crowd toward Westminster Abbey. Big Ben in distance. Crowd along Whitehall. Cenotaph in the right foreground. Trafalgar Square in distance showing Saint Martin-in-the-Field Church. Rainbow corner, Shaftesbury Avenue with American soldiers in the foreground. "American Red Cross" sign. Victoria Memorial opposite Buckingham Palace, with crowd all round the street. Lamps lit and crowd cheering.
Andrew W Mellon former U.S. Secretary of Treasury leaves a ship and arrives at Waterloo railway station in London England. Steam locomotive pulling passenger cars pulls into the railroad station. People welcome Secretary Mellon in the station. Mellon is escorted by the guards. He proceeds in a car to the American Embassy where he greets British dignitaries including Sir Patrick Duff. Mellon takes charge as U.S. new ambassador to the nation.
British anti aircraft guns fire at German V-1 flying bombs and shoot them out of the skies in London, England. Air raid warden spotter looks at the sky. Barrage balloons suspend in air above the city. A V-1 falls to earth and explodes after being caught in the line of a barrage balloon. Aerial point of view shot from an Allied aircraft (narrator says a Tempest or Mustang or Spitfire aircraft) as it tracks and fires on a V-1 Flying Bomb in flight, and the V-1 explodes in mid air. British soldiers look through their binoculars. British civilians watch V-1 bombs flying overhead, including farmers working in fields, and a group of British women in bathing suits beside a river, who then jump in the water after seeing the V-1 in the sky overhead. A young woman in a British city races with a baby carriage or pram toward an apartment building and quickly grabs her baby to head inside as a V-1 is spotted in the British sky. Two road workers look up at the sky; a teenage girl looks up at the sky. Elevated view in London with visible smoke plume rising from a V-1 strike location. View of various bombed sections of the city from V-1 attacks, including rubble of schools, hospitals, churches, and homes. Civilians help in clearing the rubble. A nurse treats a wounded old woman. Two children walk through the rubble of a bombed building. Heavy equipment in use clearing rubble of a destroyed building. The equipment has a sign that reads, "L.C.C. War Debris Survey. P-40." (World War II period). A man shovels debris in a destroyed home beside a telephone still sitting on a telephone stand in the home, with its receiver off the hook. Man guides heavy debris bucket from crane and dumps it into a waiting truck. Many scenes of open skeletons of buildings with twisted rubble, missing walls and roofs. A nurse treats the bandaged face of a woman patient in a bed. A British teenage girl and a young boy walk, holding hands, through rubble of a destroyed neighborhood of homes.
Leon Trotsky, seated in an easy chair in a library, reading from notes, describes the relative ascendancy of the United States and Colonial powers, vis-a-vis Europe, which he sees in decline. He says: "Europe, in general, has ceased to be the center of the world. It is foolish to hope that Europe, as it is, will again occupy that position. The present terrific crisis, in spite of its devastating effects on the United States, will change the relation of forces still farther, not in favor of Europe, but in favor of the United States and the colonial countries."
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