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Following Kristallnacht, former President Hoover and others make nationwide plea for Jews facing Nazi brutality in Europe.
President Franklin D Roosevelt leads the nation's protest against prosecution of Jews in Germany. Roosevelt during a recording of the plea. In Germany, Jewish owned shops with broken windows following Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) depict Nazi brutality in Germany. Palo Alto, California: Former President Herbert Hoover expresses indignation at the brutal intolerance of the Nazis and predicts their 'moral isolation'. He also expresses American support for Jews and Christians in Germany and compares their brutality to the destruction of religious worship by the Bolsheviks in Russia. New York: Reverend RI Gannon of Fordham University and Methodist Bishop Edwin H Hughes raise their voices against the outbreaks of violence and hate against Jews in Europe. They compare the Nazis to the original Huns and make a plea for the Jews.
German soldiers and civilians prepare to cross Tangermünde Bridge at end of World War 2 in Germany.
Defeated German soldiers and German citizens prepare to cross damaged Tangermünde bridge over River Elbe in Germany at end of World War II. They are fleeing westward away from the advancing Soviet forces (fearing Soviet retribution more than being in American or British controlled areas of Germany). A board reads 'American 102th Division greets the fighters of Russia'. It is signed by the 405th Infantry regiment and stands ready to greet the Soviet forces who have not yet arrived. Surrendered and defeated German soldiers and civilians prepare to cross the damaged Tangermunde Bridge.
Actions of Axis and Allied powers on brink of World War II in period 1937-1939.
Japanese troops parade for Emperor Hirohito, mounted upon a white horse. Italian troops goosestep and German troops goosestep on parade. View of an Austrian town with snow-covered Alps mountains in background as German troops enter Austria on March 13, 1938 during the Anschluss. Local citizens welcome them, displaying swastika flags and giving Nazi straight arm salutes. Troops, military vehicles, tanks, motorcycles, and horse-drawn artillery comprise the German invading force. Shifts to Spain, where war torn buildings reflect effects of German and Italian intervention during the Spanish Civil War. A donkey standing near field artillery piece. Artillery being fired from an urban park in Spain. Artilleryman using a range finder. German gun crew with heavy artillery piece. Soldiers wearing Adrian steel helmets, firing a two-wheeled water-cooled machine gun. Spanish carrying wounded on stretcher. Spanish civilians inadvertently slain during civil war conflict. Starving dog walking in street. Huge poster of Francisco Franco and view of him on reviewing stand saluting marching Nationalist troops. Repeat of Hirohito reviewing troops and Italian and German troops goosestep. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini stand together in open car heading to Fuhrerbau in Munich, Germany, for signing of Agreement between Germany, Italy, Britain, and France in 1938. Neville Chamberlain, and Edouard Daladier riding in car to Fuhrerbau. Views of the principals signing the accords. First is Adolf Hitler, followed by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Benito Mussolini, and Edouard Daladier. After the signing, the principals, plus Hermann Goering, mingle and converse. Change of scene to nighttime in Rome, Italy, where Benito Mussolini addresses a huge throng gathered near the Victor Emmanuel Memorial to cheer him after his return from Munich. Next, German troops are seen entering Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) greeted by joyous ethnic German inhabitants. Banners are stretched across a street. One gives thanks to the Fuhrer. Several scenes of cheering population. A woman strews flowers in a roadway. Hitler arrives, standing in an open car, and is met with cheers of adulation. A military brass band plays from the open beds of two moving army trucks. Signpost points to Prag (Prague), Eger (Cheb), Joachimstal (Jáchymov), and Komotau (Chomutov) after German annexation. Scene shifts to Prague, where German troops are seen occupying the city. High ranking German officers in a car are seen coming through the gateway from the Court d´honneur of the Prague Castle into the Hradčany Square. The next sequence shows an Italian Freccia-Class destroyer in the Albanian Port of Durrës. An Italian L3/35 Tankette is driven off a large cargo ship. Italian troops on bicycles ride in a city street. A German 88mm antiaircraft (flak) gun is shown, mounted at a fort overlooking a river and city. Final scene shows Adolf Hitler addressing a meeting of the Bundestag in the Kroll Opera House (alternate meeting place after burning of the Reichstag). He reads, contemptuously from an April 14, 1939 letter sent to him by U.S. President Roosevelt, asking him to give "assurance that your armed forces will not attack or invade the territory or possessions of the following independent nations: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain and Ireland, France, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Iraq, the Arabias, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iran." As Hitler reads through the litany of nations, the Bundestag erupts in laughter.
Events leading to World War II in Europe and German attack on Poland in 1939
Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering walk together up the steps of Hitler's Berghof residence in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany. Inside the two walk about and converse. Views of them in several different rooms of the building. Hitler and Goering silhouetted against the large windows in one room, containing a long table and a world globe. Change of scene showing Nazi foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, being greeted by Soviet Union Minister of Foreign affairs, Vyacheslav Molotov, in Moscow, Russia, where they negotiated a Nazi–Soviet non-aggression pact (also called the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact) in August 1939. Von Ribbentrop is seen seated with Soviet negotiators. Various newspapers reflect mixed world wide views. Some question whether war or peace is ahead. Another notes that the Reichstag supports the diplomatic initiative. Another suggests that England and France must decide. One headline says Chamberlain will want war. Next, Polish forces are seen on parade being reviewed by General Władysław Bortnowski. Among forces parading are mounted cavalry, marching infantry, a formation of PZL P.11 fighter planes, Tk-3 tankettes (Tankietka), 120 mm wz. field guns, CP7 Ursus artillery tractors pulling wagons, antiaircraft guns mounted on trucks, and army trucks carrying soldiers. Scene shifts to German airmen loading bombs on aircraft; arming machine guns; refueling; and testing functionality of aircraft elements, such as turrets. Pilot in cockpit as engines start on a Dornier Do 17 bomber. Ground crew pull chocks and aircraft taxis out. A Heinkel He 111 bomber taxiing. Two of them take off. A Do 17 takes off, followed by more He 111s. Closeup of one flying low over the camera on takeoff. A mixed formation of German aircraft aloft, including several fighters flying top cover; nine Dornier Do 17s; and other bombers. Aerial closeup of a Do 17 seen from adjacent wingman. Closeup of several He 111s in formation. Closeup of gunner in turret. View from above of three camouflaged Do 17s flying far below. Closeup of pilot in cockpit of He 111 with wingman off to left side. More views of Do 17s flying over patchwork of farmlands. Gunner preparing in his turret. Clouds from antiaircraft fire seen from plane cockpit. Bombs falling and exploding on city below. Succession of bomb craters in a line across a flat area of land. View from aircraft of damaged Polish aircraft on an airfield. Scenes of devastation on the ground including destroyed buildings and Polish aircraft. Waves of German Junkers Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bombers taking off; in formation; and peeling off to dive on targets. View from cockpit of one, through rotating propeller, as it dives to bomb a railroad marshaling yard, and view back as it pulls out, showing clouds of smoke rising in its wake. Several German officers peruse damage at rail site. Destroyed Bridge and shipyard. The German battleship, Schleswig-Holstein bombarding the Polish base at Danzig's Westerplatte on September 1st, 1939. German artillery firing in Poland. Formation of Do 17 bombers overhead. Damaged and abandoned wooden wagons at side of road traveled by Polish civilians evacuating in a horse-drawn wagon and herding their cattle to safety. Destroyed Polish artillery and equipment and horses during German invasion. Men dig graves and bury dead Polish soldiers. Vies from air of bombed out part of Warsaw. Polish citizens gathered in places seeking assistance. German forces on parade in Warsaw, including German soldiers goosestepping. Closeups of Adolf Hitler reviewing them.
Friends Relief Committee of London, England providing shipload of food during Russian Revolution to help starving Russians
Shows efforts by the Friends Relief Committee (affiliation of Quakers or Religious Society of Friends, and sometimes known as the Friends War Victims' Relief Committee) in London to provide food to starving Russians during the period of the Russian Revolution and World War I. Men carry boxes of food on carts at a dock. Food supplies are loaded on a ship. Officials stand outside a building and speak to a crowd. An official speaks. The officers stand beside the building. Ship yard workers arrange the food supplies. Sign seen on stack of food boxes beside the docks : "Friends Relief Committee. Head Office 27 Chancery Lane, London WC2. One Of Our Regular Shipments. Over 400 Tons Of Food For Starving Russia." The cargo is loaded onto the ship by crane and men.
German Army in combat with Soviet forces during retreat on the Eastern Front during World War II.
German forces operating in Russia during World War II. Film opens with map showing Northern sector of Eastern Front, highlighting city of Luga, the Luga river, Nowgorad (Novgorad) , the Woldhow river (Volkhov River), Schlosselburg (Shlisselburg), the Ladoga-see (Lake Ladoga), and Leningrad. Next, German forces in army trucks and some in horse-drawn wagons, are seen taking up new positions (retreating) in a snowy landscape, during World War 2. They move through a town, and are seen using vehicles to drag aerial and other bombs into position on a bridge , for use as demolitions to make pursuit by Russian forces more difficult. The bridges are destroyed as the last German troops pass over them. View of fires raging in wake of retreating German forces. Closeup of German Army engineers setting charges and detonating them, creating a large explosion. Numerous explosions as demolitions continue in the midst of burning areas. Closeup of a German soldier in a white helmet, smoking a pipe. Others are seen sharing sandwiches and bottled drinks. One passes a bottle to a soldier wearing the Iron Cross First Class medal. German soldiers dig new foxholes and defenses in the snow. Close front view of a German Panzer IV tank and others moving along a road in the distance. German forces exchanging fire with Soviet forces. Artillery shells bursting along the battle front.