Artist impression of the House of Representatives as the United States Congress passes the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Images of Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s. African-American student, victim of the Lamar High School School Bus Attack, listens to Frank Jackson, the attorney defending him, as he lectures him about the history of African-American rights and freedom. Off camera, Jackson quotes the 14th Amendment, saying, "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens." Image of Senator Benjamin Tillman of South Carolina. Off camera, Jackson quotes Tillman's comment about "virus of equality..." Artist impression of Black Americans in court during Reconstruction. Students inside the school bus on their way to Lamar High School School before bus attack. Image of Black-Americans inside a moving bus during the 1960s-1970s. Jim Crow signs seen, including a sign reading “White only Ladies Rest Room”. Image of a doctor standing in a door labeled “COLORED” while talking to patient with baby. Image of door with sign that says “White-Trade”. Image of door with sign that says “Colored-Trade”. Image of President Rutherford Hayes. Fire burning. Artist impression of Ku Klux Klan members in costume hanging (lynching) a Black American. Man menacingly holds a bat and says “They’ll gonna wish they was never born”. A view of the United States Supreme Court. Artist Impression of Homer Plessy refusing to move from the White people coach to the Jim Crow train coach in 1896. “Equal justice under law” engraved on the front of the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington DC. Artist impression of John Marshall Harlan, former Attorney General of Kentucky and great dissenter of cases that restricted civil rights such as “Plessy v. Fegurson”. “But until a majority of judges on the Supreme Court would agree, Black Americans would find little justice” says Frank Jackson.
King George V of the United Kingdom reviews children in uniform in France during World War 1. Queen Mary of Teck, the Queen consort of the United Kingdom, reviews women associated with an ambulance corps and reviews British nurses stationed in France with daughter, Princess Mary.
Crowds gathered in bleachers and viewing area near the Kennedy Space Center in anticipation of the NASA Apollo 11 launch. Launch controllers at mission control cosely monitor the Apollo 11 launch on Launch Complex 39A. Apollo 11 Public Affairs Officer (PAO) Jack King announces the progress of the launch countdown. Launch controller uses binoculars to watch the launch. Jack King starts countdown. Spectators use binoculars, a woman uses a camera. View of launch pad with birds in foreground. The Apollo 11 Mission’s rocket, Saturn V SA-506, in sky after launch. POV from landing craft of craters on the moon’s surface. Neil Armstrong’s first walk on the moon. Neil Armstrong says “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”. Neil Armstrong’s left footprint- the first human footprint on the moon.
General views of Kennedy Space Center in Florida, USA. View of launchpads found at the Kennedy Space Center. Foliage in front of launch tower. View of the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39-A. Launch pad flame trenches. Everglade herons near Cape Canaveral. NASA Sound Suppression System. Distant view of NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). Closer view of a Sound Suppression System at Kennedy Space Center. A Saturn rocket crawler-transporter with tread marks in foreground. Close up view of moving crawler-transporter treads. Engineers walking alongside crawler-transporter as it moves along the Crawlerway at Kennedy Space Center. Low angle view of Saturn rocket on moving crawler-transporter. Engineers sitting at base of moving Saturn rocket. Wide shot of Saturn rocket (likely the Saturn V SA-508 of the Apollo 13 Mission) on moving crawler-transporter. Liquid Oxygen tank with "No Smoking" warning foreground with Saturn rocket background.
Iraqi soldiers move into Southern Iran during the Iraqi invasion of Iran. Iraqi tanks roll past civilians on bridge over the Shatt al-Arab river. A ship in the Shatt al-Arab river. Sign in English and Arabic says, “Welcome to Iran”. A desert dirt road in Iran. Iraqi military vehicles parked in a garage. Smiling Iraqi soldiers posing together, raising their hands with the “V” sign. (Iran-Iraq War period.)
Italian studies and heritage of the Columbia University in New York City. A man reads a book while sitting under the statue, Alma Mater, in front of the Low Memorial Library of the Columbia University. People walking outside the Low Memorial Library and the grounds of the Columbia University (2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States). View of the Casa Italiana building (1151–1161 Amsterdam Ave., New York, New York) of the Columbia University. Entrances to the Casa Italiana and its library. Entrance reads “CASA ITALIANA LIBRARY DONATED BY CHARLES V. PATERNO M.D.”. Students and visitors study and read books inside the Casa Italiana Library. A teacher approaches a young woman reading a book. A bespectacled young man reading a thick book inside the library. A young man flipping through the pages of a book. A young woman reads a book about Italian historical figures such as Dante Alighieri and Giuseppe Garibaldi. A professor holding a lecture on Giuseppe Garibaldi at Columbia University. Male students listen to a lecture. Students viewing a portrait of Lorenzo Da Ponte, the first professor of Italian literature at Columbia University. Students passing through the Morgan Gate of Harvard University. Widener Library (1 Harvard Yard, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States) is in the background. A woman admires a vespa scooter parked outside Harvard University. Students walking on the grounds of Harvard University. Professor Charles S. Singleton, an American scholar who specializes in medieval Italian literature, speaks about Dante Alighieri in Italian. Professor Singleton talks about Italian culture in America while surrounded by many books.
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