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The Marshall Plan is implemented in different European nations so that they can recover from economic problems.
A documentary reviews the beginning of the Marshall Plan in response to the post war (World War II) needs of Europeans. It depicts its effect on the lives of people during the first year of its implementation. People on a street. A map of Europe. Animation depicts the production of textile, output of coal, requirement of manufacturing industries, and declined food production. U.S. Secretary of State George Catlett Marshall, Jr., tells the people of Europe that if they work together the U.S. will supply money for food and raw material. Wide and close views of newsstand in England, United Kingdom. British man buys a newspaper to read about Marshall's appeal in the newspapers. Traffic on the streets in Paris, France. Foreign Minsters of Great Britain, France and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov arrive in Paris and ascend steps of building for a meeting to discuss the Marshall Plan. The delegates and representatives at the meeting. Molotov comes out from the meeting. Animated map depicts 16 European nations which get together to work for economic development. The delegates seated in a hall in Paris. The Organization for Economic Co-operation is formed. Delegates of European nations signing a document. Wide view of a port area in Norway. A book on a table reads 'First Annual Requirements Program Submitted to O.E.E.C.' Wide view of Piazza del Popolo in Rome, Italy with Flaminio Obelisk in the center and traffic on roads Traffic and people on roads of Ulus Square (Ulus Meydanı) in Ankara, Turkey, with the equestrian statue Monument of Victory, depicting Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on horseback. Busy street and pedestrian traffic along O’Connell Street in Dublin, Ireland, with Gresham Hotel visible. Traffic passing over the O’Connell Bridge spanning the River Liffey. The U.S. Capitol in Washington DC. A meeting of the Congress for the Marshall Plan. View of Paul G. Hoffman who was appointed the administrator of the Marshall Plan. Man smoking cigarette and tuning radio to listen to broadcast. Families and people in living rooms listen on radios to news about the European Recover Program (ERP). Men unload food supplies sent by the U.S. from ships at a dock. People listen to a dignitary. Men unload machines from the ship. Workers in the Netherlands ride bicycles. A man unloads cotton from a freight car. A sign for ERP on the freight car. Men at work in a textile mill in the Netherlands. A coal hoist is delivered in Britain and British miners dig out coal and use the hoist. The coal is loaded aboard a ship for trade. Fiat automobile assembly line seen in operation in Turin, Italy, with workers building new 1948 Fiat Topolino cars.
Israeli delegates go to the United Nations and seek for a separate Jewish state -- formation of Israel.
Formation of Israel in May 1948 and events leading up to it. October 1947: Jewish refugees from Europe aboard two ships arriving in Palestine, only to be turned away by British authorities and sent to internment in Cyprus. They get off from the ship Cyprus. A Jewish woman with her child at the dock. A sign reads 'United Nations Palestine Commission'. Delegates seated in a hall debating about the partition of Palestine between the Jews and the Arabs. Destroyed houses and buildings in Haifa after fighting between Israeli and Arab forces. Jewish troops holding guns walk on the ruins of building. The dead Jewish people on street. The troops stand in a group. Captured Arab prisoners in the Negev desert area, being directed by Israeli Defense Forces soldiers (IDF). The prisoners with their hands up enter a vehicle. Cars and people on a street with a traffic circle in Tel Aviv. Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben Gurion, enters a building on May 14, 1948, to be installed as leader of the new government. The Jewish soldiers stand holding guns. A flag of Israel flutters in the air on a flag pole. United Nations soldiers stand holding a white flag and join Israeli troops in recovering bodies of Israeli soldiers killed in ongoing skirmishes with Arab forces. The troops stand on a border. President of Israel Chaim Weizmann, a Jewish patriot, walks with officials. Soldiers stand on the side. The Israel delegates go to the United Nations and seek for Israel to be admitted to the United Nations. Delegates seated in hall. Middle Eastern Arab country representatives of the UN walk out of the hall in protest after Israeli receives the vote admitting it to the UN. The empty seats of the Arab countries. The new state of Israel is born. Flags are raised at the UN including the flag of Israel. People cheer and celebrate. From a July 2, 1964 newsreel of "Yesterday's Big Story".
Illustration and comments about post--World War II spread of communism driven by policy and actions of the Soviet Union
Soviet Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrey Vyshinsky (aka Andrei Vishinsky), making an impassioned speech, in 1948. Adolf Hitler making one of his bombastic speeches, during World War II. Animated map of Europe, showing countries becoming puppet states under post-World War 2 expansionism by the Soviet Union. It also highlights unrelenting Soviet hold over postwar zones of occupation in Austria and East Germany. The map goes on to illustrate expanding communist reflected in politics of Italy, France, Greece, and Finland.
The Marshall Plan being launched to assist recovery of Europe after World War II
Rail cars on the November, 1947 "Friendship Train," at a sea port in the U.S.A. Behind it is seen the funnel of the SS Exiria, of the American Export Lines. The camera moves around to show the Exiria, displaying a large American flag and words,"Friendship Food Ship," on her hull. A steam locomotive on train in France, delivering relief supplies, displays crossed American and French flags on it. Trucks on road in France, displaying French and American flags and pictures of the Freedom Train on their sides, with words:"Ravitaillement, offert spontanment au peuple de France à partir de peuple Americain." (Refueling, spontaneously offered to the people of France from American people.) The SS Exiria docked in an Italian port. A catholic priest and several nuns with a group of boys, standing on the pier, wave American flags. Another group of American girls enthusiastically wave American flags. A large crowd waves several large Italian flags. President Harry S. Truman, at his desk on the White House, Washington, DC, signs the Economic Recovery Act of 1948 (AKA Marshall Plan). Secretary of State Marshall speaking in support of the legislation before Congress. Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, of Michigan, speaking in support of the bill.
Various social activities and study for final exams at the Bryn Mawr College for young women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Bryn Mawr College for young women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fine arts, sculpture and painting studies at various classes. Students in chemistry, biochemistry and physics laboratories. Girls riding bicycles, a girl practicing archery, girls playing tennis. A girl dives into a swimming pool from a diving board. Class student government representatives during a meeting. (Here the narrator mentions the students planning assistance for relief operations in Europe...a clue to the estimated 1948 date of this footage). The student government members meeting with a faculty member. Couples dancing at a school dance. Girls study books and notes for final exams preparation. Professor guides a student of archaeology. Girls practice concerts in chorus for graduation ceremony. Girls sitting on the lawns and outdoor patios of Bryn Mawr College, reading, talking, an knitting.
World tensions after World War II. The Baruch Plan. The Berlin Airlift. The Korean War. The Cold War. The Atomic age. Ballistic Missiles
Speaking before United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) in its first meeting in June 1946, Bernard Baruch proposes international control of all atomic energy -- the so-called Baruch Plan. Low level aerial view of ruined post World War 2 European city. Goods including heavy equipment, locomotives, being loaded aboard ships to aid in the postwar recovery of Europe (The Marshall Plan). Workers in Western Europe making use of Marshall Plan materials to rebuild their national infrastructures. West European farmers restoring agriculture. View from overflying light airplane of parts of postwar Berlin in 1948. Blocked roads and empty railroad tracks leading from East Germany to West Germany, blocked by the Soviet Union. Barge traffic at standstill due to Soviet actions. U.S. C-54 transport aircraft flying supplies into West Berlin (The Berlin Airlift) during the Soviet blockade of that city. West Berlin citizens watching U.S. transport aircraft bringing fuel, food and other essentials into the isolated city. A C-54 flying low over empty railroad lines, as it prepares to land in West Berlin. Supplies offloaded from a DC-3 ( AKA C-47 or British Dakota) equipped with unusual set of rear cargo doors. Supplies being moved on Tegel Airport with many C-54 aircraft in the background. Numerous C-47 aircraft operating at Tempelhof airport. An East German official opening a barricade as Soviet blockade of West Berlin ends on May 12, 1949, and supply trucks begin to move over roads again. Flags of Western nations flying on high flagpoles. Glimpse of Allied warships underway during the Cold War. Formation of P-38 Lightning aircraft in flight overhead. NATO troops marching and NATO armor on parade. Flashes of heavy artillery firing at night. Korean refugees moving South in 1950 with the outbreak of the Korean War. View of UN Security Council meeting in the absence of Soviet representative. U.S. tanks firing guns and American infantrymen in conflict with North Korea in Korean War. American wounded on stretchers.Delegates of both North and South Korea signing the Korean Armistice Agreement in P'anmunjŏm, on July 27, 1953. A rocket is launched. Images of earth from inside a space craft in orbit. Narrator mentions the first satellite to circle the earth, the soviet Sputnik 1 in 1957. View of Soviet pilots in low pressure altitude chamber. A test subject in an aircraft making a maneuver that allows him to experience "weightlessness." Objects in his cockpit float about. A military rocket launch monitored by arrays of radar. An object being retrieved from space by means of a parachute. A nuclear powered submarine. Rockets on display during a military parade in Red Square, Moscow, the Soviet Union. A U.S. Air Force B-52 bomber taxiing. More views of rockets seen during a Soviet military parade in Red Square, Moscow.