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Life of U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower after World War 2; NATO; Columbia University; U.S. President; advisor to Presidents
Dwight D. Eisenhower during presidency of the Columbia University in 1948. Eisenhower walking at a Columbia University graduation ceremony in New York City and speaking to the group assembled. Two years later, views of Eisenhower as NATO supreme commander in Europe. Eisenhower seated in NATO Conference. Citizens in United States prepare signs and urge Eisenhower to run for President. He salutes a parade in 1952 as he begins a run for the Presidency. Pamphlets and posters read 'we need Eisenhower'. An animated cartoon shows a smiling and marching Uncle Sam with an "Ike for President" jingle song playing. Cartoon shows animated citizens and an elephant supporting Eisenhower. Scenes from Republican National Convention, and Nixon and Eisenhower holding their arms up together. Citizens voting, using ballot boxes, and voting machines. A nun votes. Eisenhower casts his vote. People hold U.S. flags and cheer. Signboards and neon lighting on a building track vote tally and proclaim Eisenhower victory in 1952 presidential election. Eisenhower in Korea after the election. He meets and eats with American troops in the field and studies the war effort. South Koreans wave flags on announcement of truce (cease-fire armistice) in Korean War Eisenhower takes presidential oath of office in Washington DC. He signs document for Civil Rights Act of 1957 (voting right act). View of African American students of the "Little Rock Nine" entering a military station wagon under armed troop escort during integration of Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas. U.S. Army troops escort the African American students into school. Exterior view of United Nations building in New York. Eisenhower delivers speech on Atoms For Peace. Winston Churchill of Britain and Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union visit Eisenhower in America. Scenes of John F Kennedy inauguration in 1961. Eisenhower with Kennedy and later with President Johnson. In 1968 address to Republican Convention Eisenhower notes risk of growth of Communism.
Czechoslovak coup with Communists coming to power; anti-Communist demonstrations in various European nations over 10 years
U.S. propaganda piece about threats by communists against various European countries. The Czechoslovak coup and demonstrations. Czech citizens moving on a street in Czechoslovakia during a strike forcing conservative elements to resign from the cabinet. Scenes of police brutality and beatings against strikers. Communists take over the police. Czech President Edvard Benes with conservative politicians in a government building. Huge crowd on a street. Police clashing with crowd. Czech Prime Minister Klement Gottwald with officials. President Edvard Benes, facing possible civil war or invasion by the Soviet Union, accepts a Communist cabinet. He is seen signing documents to that effect on February 25, 1948. Other officials beside President Benes during the signing. View of the first President of Czechoslovakia Tomas Masaryk's son, Jan Masaryk, who remained the Foreign Minister, and did not agree to the new government. Two days later Jan Masaryk is discovered dead. The body of Jan Masaryk in a coffin. Edvard Benes, who resigned in June 1948 after refusing to sign the communist constitution, is seen walking slowly outside the Parliament using a cane. A guard saluting Benes. View of the body of Edvard Benes, who died in September 1948, laying in a coffin. Mourning citizens offering flowers and cry. Officials bearing the coffin. Shift several years later to street strikes in East Germany in 1953. People during a strike and riot in Poland in 1956. Russian tanks moving on a street and Soviet soldiers are seen. Elevated view of panic and Polish citizens fleeing soldiers. October 1956: Student demonstrators on street in Budapest Hungary during the Hungarian Uprising of 1956. Soviet Russian red star is toppled by crowds from a building roof in a sign of defiance. Russian troops respond with tanks on the streets in Hungary. Crowd fights back. Russians retreat. Crowd overwhelms local police. Imre Nagy, Prime Minister of Hungary, ascends steps. Hungarian crowd on streets burn communist books and papers. Russian tanks invade Hungary to crush revolt. Tanks fire guns on Hungarian street. Imre Nagy's execution announced June 17, 1958.
The challenges of reconstruction and rise of communism in Europe after World War II
Reconstruction problems in Europe in the aftermath of World War II. Examples of prewar Germany's industrial and commercial prowess, showing its consumer products and famous cameras. A German coal-burning power plant and miners extracting coal from Germany's vast natural supplies. Coal being transported by conveyer belt. Open rail cars loaded to capacity with German coal. A German iron and steel plant dependent on coal. Shift to postwar destruction including destroyed: German factory; locomotive; rail yards; trucks; farm machinery; fertilizer plant; farm fields lacking crops. Shift to prewar era with view of British coal cars getting ready to be emptied for export to Europe. Current postwar view of British coal cars and coal, that narrator says are barely enough for her own needs. View of prewar German coke being loaded onto conveyers. Coal miners receiving food ration cards. Animated map showing "Iron Curtain," of Soviet occupation, separating traditional German regions of agriculture from those of industry. British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin; French Foreign Minister, Georges Bidault; Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov; and U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall; are seen at the Paris Conference in 1946 where they negotiated the postwar future of Germany. Reminder footage of Hitler with brownshirts in 1930s. Italian police coping with communist inspired unrest in Italy. Bombed out buildings in snow. Europeans literally scratching for bits of food from pavement and trash heaps. Two women fighting with each other during time of shortages and ration. Dejected woman. French Communist party leader, Maurice Thorez, speaking to a large crowd. Party flag with hammer and sickle behind him.
Improvement of miners, condition of mines and factories and civilians of war affected countries of Europe, by Marshall Plan.
Film titled 'Me and Mr. Marshall' depicts developments of coal mines in Germany and aid to other European nations affected by World War II. German coal miners dig deep in a coal mine soon after the end of World War 2. Volunteers awarded at a ceremony. Volunteers board a train and proceed for work at coal mines. Volunteers eat food, give their shoe size, under go training on mine machinery. Miners on lift move underground. Miners at end of the day walk out tired and blackened by coal dust, from a mine. Miners take hot showers after work and get clean clothing hung high on ropes. Salary given to workers for a day's work. Headlines of German newspapers about Marshall Plan. General George C. Marshall speaks his plans at a meeting in Washington DC, America. Aerial views of ruined buildings and factories, wrecked harbor, refugees in tenements in Europe after World War II. Buildings, monuments and bridges in London and Eiffel Tower and other buildings and civilians on roads in Paris, and view of Kremlin in Moscow, Soviet Union. Map shows countries under Marshall recovery plan. View of meeting in progress of Conference for European Economic Cooperation in July 1947, in the Grand Dining Room of the French Foreign Office. Meetings of leaders of nations adopting Marshall plan. Ruins of industries of Germany. Ruins on the ground after war in London, with Big Ben in the far distance. Workers at a factory. Miners take a horse inside a coal mine. Empty coal cars at a German coal mine. Men push coal cars full with mined coal out from mine, on rails. Views of buyers in suits at a German trade show and conference, promoting German products and industries to potential buyers in other countries, a few years after the end of World War 2. U.S. Congress and President Harry Truman in Washington DC approve the Marshall Plan and provide monetary aid to other European countries. Scenes in Germany as it recovers economically after the war: Workers in a factory. Harbor, fruit and vegetable market; customers in a bakery; coal cars and machinery at a coal mine under normal operation under the plan.
Harry S Truman becomes the Vice President and then takes over as President of the United States.
Harry S Truman and other officials work on some documents. Truman's Vice Presidential campaign. People hold boards reading 'Truman for Vice President' during Democratic National Convention of 1944. Vice President Truman with President Franklin D Roosevelt. View of the exterior of the U.S. Capitol in Washington DC. Soldiers and horses with Roosevelt's casket during funeral of Franklin D. Roosevelt. A crowd at the Washington Monument. The United States flag at half staff on the White House. Truman addresses the Congress. He talks about cooperation and duty. Nazi German Axis soldiers surrender during World War II in Europe. A large crowd at Broadway celebrates VE Day in New York City. The first atomic bomb mushroom cloud billows into the sky over New Mexico during the Trinity atomic bomb test. Signing of Japanese surrender documents aboard the USS Missouri at the end of World War 2. Japanese official Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu signs documents, then General Douglas MacArthur signs documents, and presents a pen to General Wainwright standing behind him. An American official takes a seat and goes through some documents. An officer reads documents at a table as soldiers stand by and watch.
Russian officer speaks to Joseph Stalin.
A Russian film with re-enacted portrayals of people from real life concerning the Russo-German campaign in the South Russia during WWII. Map of Europe. A Russian officer speaks to Joseph Stalin near war map on a table at a room in the Kremlin.