Views of people from various countries of the world and of South America about the Cuban revolution and rule of Fidel Castro in Cuba. A motorcade on roads of Havana. Groups of people cheer after Fidel Castro comes to power overthrowing Dictator Fulgencio Batista on January 01, 1959. A Venezuelan expert talks about Castro after the success of revolution. Huge crowd cheers for Castro as he addresses a crowd. Court hearings of opponents of Castro and other leaders. Execution of leaders by gunshots. Cuban communist leader and a judge sent to exile by Batista return to Cuba. Italian experts talks about Castro and his policies. Colleagues of Castro, and people arrested by Castro after revolution.
The Cuban revolution and rule of Fidel Castro in Cuba. Unskilled Cuban farmers in agricultural field after three years of rule of Fidel Castro. Civilians lined for rations. Number of Cuban refugees descend from a plane in other nations. Fidel Castro addresses the nation on television. A group of men watch. Civilians and refugees meet each other and weep. Cuban farmer family and children in miserable condition.
United States President John F. Kennedy arrives at Andrews Air Force Base near Washington DC and takes off in the VC-137C Air Force One plane. People in stands wait for the arrival of President and First Lady Jacquelin Kennedy. Ground staff members instruct a taxiing plane. President and First Lady arrive in United States Marine Corps VH-3A helicopter. President gets into a VC-137C followed by a Navy aide. Aircraft ramp rolls away. The plane takes off. Other charter planes parked at the air force base.
Film entitled 'Scatter Radar', from The National Bureau of Standards, United States Department of Commerce. Depicts space research from the ground. The globe rotating. A satellite antenna moves into position. Radio instruments. Red optical instruments used to study the sun. Clouds in the upper atmosphere. Animation: Ionosphere reflects radio waves to the planet. A smoke of cloud rises during the launching of a rocket. An artists' conception of the Van Allen Radiation Belt above the Earth's ionosphere discovered by Explorer I and Pioneer III. A satellite orbits the globe. Men watch as a rocket is erected and fired. A scientist at the National Bureau of Standards works on a formula. A man at the controls of a scatter radar fro space research. Animation: Ionized and neutral particles as well as free electrons that permit long distance communication. free electrons reflect radio energy. Radio waves penetrate the ionosphere. A scientist at the Ionosonde model C4 to measure electron density variations. Electron density model on the monitor. Two Oxygen atoms. An electron detaches and becomes a free electron. Radio waves pass by, the electron and waves oscillate and scatter energy. Animation: Need to excite electrons sufficiently so that their energy radiated can be detected from the ground. The process requires a powerful transmitter, large antenna, and a sensitive receiver.
Space research from the ground with a Scatter Radar. National Bureau of Standards laboratories in Boulder, Colorado. The Central Radio Propogation Laboratory. Cars parked outside. Hills in the background. Dr. Kenneth Bowles and a colleague work on a formula. Animation: Incoherent scatter of radio waves by electrons in the ionosphere. Transmission of powerful pulsed radio signal in a narrow beam. The beam penetrates the ionosphere and excites the free electrons. The scatter a weak signal which is detected by a sensitive antenna, and the signal comes back to Earth. Remaining portions of a sensitive antenna at the pioneering field site in Havana, Illinois. Dr. Ken Bowles and other scientists decide on a site. Animation: The magnetic equator and lines of the magnetic field. Pulsed radar signals and lines of force on the monitor. Animation: Chemical composition of the Earth's atmospheric gases. The scientists decide on Lima in Peru, due to its proximity to the magnetic equator and U.S. Lima, Peru: Buildings, guards, churches, plazas and boulevards in Lima including the Government Palace in Lima with guards in front, the Catedral de Lima (Catheral of Lima) and the Plaza Mayor de Lima . Construction work in Lima. Cars on a market street. People on the sidewalk. Shipping and port facilities in Callao, Peru. Workers unload goods. People board a Braniff International aircraft. Housing facility in the Lima suburb of Miraflores.
Space research from the ground with a Scatter Radar. Scientists outside the Instituto Geofisico Del Peru, scientific research organization of the Peruvian government. A train of the Ferrocarril Central Andino (FCCA) on its way to the Institute's observatory. It travels through the Rimac Valley in the Andes, including Ticlio at nearly 16,000 feet. It is the highest elevation railway junction in the world. View of a snow-covered mountain (possibly Yuraqqucha on border of the Lima and JunÃn regions). Llama graze and move about high up in the mountains. Huancayo (Wankayu) Village: Local Quechuan Indians trade in the weekly market. Shops in the street, street vendors with their goods. The Jicamarca Observatory, new National Bureau of Standards facility near Lima. Scientists work at scopes and other instruments. Aerial view of the Peruvian coastline. The valley 17 miles from Lima. Rocks on the arid coast. Green vegetable fields and broad flat plane in the arid valley. The site for the antenna. Bulldozers prepare the site for construction. A diversion dam constructed on the site. Gully in the valley floor. Peruvian workers lay wire to sound an alarm in case a mudflow should come. Men mark ground and align places for post holes, lay wood posts to support the antenna dipole. They assemble inserts, connect the antenna, and lay bricks. The workers collect their pay. Bureau of National Standards staff and their families in Chaclacayo community. The families gather with locals for a Anticuchos barbecue (Peruvian beef kabobs). The wives of the U.S. scientists shop for fruits and vegetables in the local market.
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