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Mistreatment and brutality against Jews as part of Nazi German antisemitism campaigns before and during World War 2
Nazi brownshirts riding on a truck yelling anti-Jewish propaganda in streets of Germany during anti-Semitic campaign of 1933. Signs on Jewish-owned businesses encouraging boycott of those businesses. Brownshirt drawing sign on storefront glass of a shop. Sign with skull and slogan "Achtung Juden" posted on front door of Cafe Unter den Linden. Crowd of German citizens interacting with brownshirts, mostly in support, but one brief scene shows a citizen arguing with a brownshirt posted in front of a Jewish-owned shop. Nazis with swastika armbands leading anti-Jewish chants, while some citizens raise their hands in Nazi salutes. Next scene deals with the Nuremberg Laws including the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor. It shows Herman Goering addressing government officials at the seventh Nazi party congress in September 1935, and reading parts of the so-called blood purity laws and standards. Rudolf Hess and Adolf Hitler are seated in the foreground. Goering reads the proclamation that German citizens are only those of German or related blood, willing to serve the Reich and German people. Goering then reads that marriages between Jews and citizens of German or related blood are prohibited. Scene from courtroom during 1946 Nuremberg trials. Next scene shows Jewish citizens being forcefully and brutally dragged, beaten, and evicted from their homes by Nazis. Some have been stripped of their clothing. A woman is dragged by her hair. A man is beaten. Scenes of German citizens and possibly Gestapo beating and harassing Jewish people in the streets. Clearing of the Warsaw Ghetto in April 1943. Close-up of hand turning device to generate explosive charge. Large explosion in Warsaw Ghetto. Views of buildings burning in the Warsaw Ghetto. People carrying bodies on stretchers. A person being dragged by Nazi soldiers out of a sewer holes where they had been hiding. Nazi German tanks and armor rolling through the ghetto, and artillery being fired at a building. Waffen SS, gestapo police, and Wehrmacht participating in brutality. Jewish man being hit and dragged across street.
Emperor Hirohito inspects Japanese Troops and Adolf Hitler and Mussolini coalesce and coerce support in World War 2
Descriptions of Axis forces and intentions in an American produced propaganda film. Animated map shows Japan. Emperor Hirohito inspects Japanese Troops. Troops bow down in front of the emperor. Group of Japanese women also bow down to the emperor. Masses of German citizens at packed rallies in Germany, crowded with people cheering Nazi leadership. Military demonstrations in Axis countries with military forces in their respective uniforms in each country and masses of decorated flags carried high. Picture of Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Emperor Hirohito. Adolf Hitler addressing Reichstag in an animated speech with much gesticulating calling on Germans to follow him and he'll 'make them masters of the world.' Mussolini speaking to a gathered crowd and rallying support for the fascist cause. Hirohito speaking and Japanese forces answering with "bonzai" shouts. Italian soldiers massed in front of Colosseum in Rome. Italian officers in blackshirt uniforms. Brownshirt uniforms of Germans. Views of Japanese officers in uniform. Scenes of Axis government buildings in various cities: The Reichstag in Berlin, the House of Deputies in Rome, and the Diet in Tokyo. Legislatures in each country cheering their leaders as they speak. German ditch digging crew listens to military foreman and shouts heil Hitler. German brown shirts approach a residence and use butt of gun to force entry. Italian Soldiers raising daggers or bayonets up high and also placing their helmets atop bayonets on rifles. Newspaper headline reads 'Hitler executes more Anti-Nazi Leaders'. Dramatized depiction of slaying of socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Italy in 1924 by fascists, and Viscount Saito in Tokyo in February 1936. More headlines of other anti-Axis leaders. Views of large cathedrals from street level. People praying in church - a woman praying the rosary and an elderly man praying. German Doctor Alfred Rosenberg speaking in 1938 and decrying organized religion. Newspaper headlines recount mistreatment, imprisonment, and slaying of religious leaders. German Doctor Goebbels speaks over a microphone. German leader Julius Streicher speaking in 1935.
Fascism growth despite pre-World War 2 disarmament efforts including Washington Disarmament Conference, Nine-power treaty.
The background of World War II. German Hitler Youth children march with rifles, flags and a band beneath a camp entrance named Nordmark Lager 1935. Flag with Nazi symbol. Japanese flag and Japanese youth march in military exercises, followed by teenage Japanese forces. Italian fascist troops in uniform march in Torino Italy led by a band. Views of various German and Nazi forces parade and goose step in various cities. Units include brownshirts, goosestepping Storm Troopers, Wehrmacht. Civilians give a salute. Mostly sad looking men women and children watch the parades. The world globe. U.S. Capitol Building in Washington DC. French, Japanese and United States dignitaries attend the Washington Disarmament Conference or Washington Naval Conference at Memorial Continental Hall in Washington DC in 1921. View of the Washington Naval Treaty naval fleet reduction treaty book with signatures on it. Officials sign the Nine-Power Treaty that guarantees the integrity of China (per the John Hay "Open Door Policy"). Japanese delegation is shown at signing ceremony for the Nine-Power Treaty. Next scene shows 1928 signing ceremony in Paris of the Kellogg-Briand Pact renouncing war as a means of settling international disputes. French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand is seen speaking, and American Secretary of State Frank Kellogg is also seen at the treaty signing which was signed by 47 nations including Germany and Japan. In a 1930 scene, U.S. Secretary of State, Henry Stimson hands the London Naval Treaty to President Herbert Hoover. Scene of a U.S. Navy ship being blown up and scrapped in accordance with the treaty terms. View of American citizens in small town parades with floats marching as anti-war and isolationist groups.
Vickers Wellington No. 149 Squadron RAF takes off during WW2
Period dramatization: British Royal Air Force (RAF) station groundcrew assist Vickers Wellington No. 149 Squadron RAF during taxiing and take off from RAF Mildenhall airfield during World War 2. A ground control crew member salutes to an officer, the air controller, entering the control room of a portable ground controlled approach radar equipment (GCA) room. Air controller stands on a wooden stool to look through a bubble window in the control room’s ceiling. Air controller tests his radio, saying, "ground control, are you receiving?" View of air direction indicator on air field. Engines running on Vickers Wellington bomber at sunset along with "OC" on fuselage. “You may taxi out and take off!” the air controller says after a pilot asks for clearance on the radio. A Vickers Wellington bomber taxiing. Evening view of lighted bubble window of air control trailer as air controller inside watches the Vickers Wellington bomber taking off. Vickers Wellington bomber flying over RAF Mildenhall airfield. “C for Charlie airborne sir! Nineteen hours thirty-five minutes!” a RAF officer says as he enters air control trailer. Air controller standing in control room dome relays information, saying, "C Charlie took off 19:35." Inside air control headquarters at RAF Mildenhall as RAF officer smokes a pipe while another RAF officer writes flight information on the blackboard. More Vickers Wellington bombers taxi and take off from the airfield one by one. Vickers Wellington OJ-F 'F for Freddie' kicking up dust as groundcrew watches. Vickers Wellington OJ-F 'F for Freddie' taking off as the last Vickers Wellington bombers in No. 149 Squadron departs for Germany at night. View of pilot in Vickers Wellington as he radios to crew, "OK chaps, here we go!" RAF officer writes down the last aircraft’s departure time as “19:51”.
Gerhard Zucker and others attempting to develop postal rockets in the 1930s.
Slate refers to efforts to overcome problems with compressed powder rockets. A large crowd is gathered to watch a demonstration of a Zucker mail rocket. Gerhard Zucker walks ahead and left of Several uniformed Brown Shirts, AKA Nazi Stormtrooper (Sturmabteilung) as they carry a large rocket down some stairs at a beach. Uniformed Hitler youth (Hitlerjugend) are also seen in the crowd of spectators. A cinematographer sets up his camera on structure near the water. Next, the rocket is seen set upon its inclined launching stand as Zucker makes ready the four rockets on each side of the large mail carrier. Closeup of Zucker doing this as another person deposits mail through a door atop the rocket body. Scene shifts to the Wadden Sea off Cuxhaven,on April 9, 1933, where Zucker follows Nazi Stormtroopers carrying the mail rocket across wet sands. Spectators stand shoulder-to-shoulder atop a hill in the background.Zucker standing alone next to the rocket. He and an assistant ignite the 8 side rockets and the mail rocket takes off. But, instead of heading straight, it noses up and loops over backwards, falling to the sand. Stormtroopers lift up the damaged device. Later, Zucker is seen designing a launch with concentric guide rings. He made several attempts in 1934 and 1935, to convince British Royal Mail officials of the viability of rocket mail. He is seen in the last attempt on the Isle of Wight, in January, 1935, standing by his rocket, surrounded by English spectators. His launch stand with concentric rings is clearly seen. He places mail in the rocket body and drops it down through the rings on the launch stand, ignites it and it appears to take off smoothly.(It actually failed.) Views of Belgian Karl Roberti and his postal rocket. An American rocket carrying a line out to a boat needing rescue offshore.
Rocket motor designs by International scientists and inventors, reflecting early work by German rocket researchers
Designs by various international scientists and inventors who have contributed to solving the problems of rocket motor development, based on the German preparatory work. Their combustion chamber designs owe much to the German pioneers in the field. Shown are design sketches by Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowsky) in 1914; French inventor Henri Melot, in 1920; German Friedrich Zander, in 1931; Bull, 1932; The American Rocket Society, with several designs from 1932; and The Cleveland Rocket Society. Views of rocket combustion research activity by Ernst Loebell of the Cleveland Rocket Society in 1933. He is seen outdoors in the snow with his apparatus. View of Loebell's test firing stand, and a picture of an actual test firing, outdoors. Ernst Loebell with model and rocket motor from his spaceship projects of 1934 and at the International Exposition dedicated to Art and Technology in Modern Life held in Paris, 1937. Cutaway views of the spaceship. The rocket motor wrapped in cooling coils. Rocket motor design by John Shesta of the American Rocket Society, from 1934. Design by Rene Armengaud of France, in 1934 and Deich in 1935.