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Views of China and Japan in the period leading up to the 2nd Sino-Japanese war

Film opens with outline map of Japan shown in contrast to 20 times larger China and figures representing China's 6 times greater population. Map of China is shown in pieces representing its numerous internal fiefdoms. In contrast, Japanese soldiers are shown marching in review before their singular leader, Emperor Hirohito and other national military leaders. Film shows contrasting 20th century characteristics of China and Japan. Sun Yat-sen, who figured prominently in post-Imperial China, and is considered the founding father of the Republic of China, is shown speaking to crowds. Narrator states that in 1911, this man fathered a peoples' revolution which brought to an end, China's ancient Imperial government. View of Chinese people marching and carrying flags and banners. Books are shown comparing China's Sun Yat-sen to America's George Washingon. Sun Yat-sen's political statement, shown in Chinese, contains words similar those in Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg address. View of schools and colleges built in the new Republic of China. Chinese students shown in libraries. A couple dining in a Chinese hotel restaurant, overlooking other buildings. A tall clock tower looms at the same height outside their window. Steel being erected for a tall building. Architects at work. Scientist looking through a microscope. Technicians at work in a chemistry laboratory. Medical staff and patients in a modern hospital. Children in school under compulsory education program. Chinese people exercising their freedoms of expression and religion. The funeral of Sun Yat-sen, in 1925, attended by his successor, Chiang Kai-shek, and other Chinese leaders in military uniforms. Chinese people attending an outdoor ceremony. Examples of areas needing modernisation. Chinese workers using manually operated machinery to process fabrics. Commercial vessel plying a river using wind and sail only. Views of steam locomotives and trains being introduced to link parts of China. Trucks moving goods over roads (still unpaved). Miners working in open air mines, digging coal and iron. Molten tin being poured from a crucible. Machines performing complex tasks in a fabric mill and women tending spinning and knitting machines. School children engaged in collective outdoor games and exercise drills. Scene shifts to Japan, where Emperor Hirohito, on a white horse, leads military leaders in reviewing Japanese forces. A formation of Japanese Model 97 medium tanks passing in review, with tank commanders saluting from their turrets. Glimpse of Japanese steel mill. Headline in World-Telegram newspaper of 14 february, 1934, reads: "Tokyo House Passes Huge Arms Budget." A Los Angeles newspaper of 23 November, 1934, expands on the same story. New Orleans Times-Picayune, Sunday, 5, May, 1936, reports that Japan is strained by its huge arms costs.

Date: 1936, May
Duration: 3 min 58 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675025180
Japanese actions leading to 2nd Sino-Japanese war and attack on United States at Pearl Harbor in World War II

Japanese army officers examining foreign military equipment. A Japanese worker employing electric drill developed in a Western country. The Japanese freighter, Tatsuno Maru, loading scrap iron at a port in the United States. Other Japanese freighters loading coal and oil for shipment back to Japan. View of the Washington Naval Conference in Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, DC, held in 1921-22 and again in 1927 and 1930, to deal with several lingering issues. Glimpse of Japanese people holding flags while gathered near the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Glimpse of Japanese army troops on parade. Japanese Navy warships at sea. A fleet of Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers and Nakajima Ki-27 pursuit planes, parked on an airfield. A loose formation of Ki-27s airborne. Animated map illustrates Japanese fortification of Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall islands in the Pacific. Animated map illustrating China's greater size and population vis-a-vis Japan. Animated map illustrating Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931. New York Times newspaper with headline "Japs Seize Manchuria" hovers over fires burning in Manchuria. Other newspaper headlines reporting on Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia; the Spanish civil war; surrender of Czechoslovakia; invasion of Poland; assaults on France, Belgium, and the Netherlands by Nazi Germany; the London Blitz; and Nazi advances against Russia on the Eastern Front. Fnally, a Boston Hearald extra edition headline reports: "Pearl Harbor Bombed." A still photograph of Japanese Baron Tanaka Giichi (on left) with two other dignitaries, circa 1929. Japanese infantry streaming into Manchuria and then celebrating as they walk into local town. A busy street in a Chinese city. Japanese soldiers in Manchuria escorting local prisoners along a street. Animated map illustrating Japananese warships surrounding harbor of Shanghai, China. View from a Japanese ship bombarding Shanghai. Smoke rising from shell striking on Shanghai waterfront. View from land of severely damaged buildings on a street, and a shell exploding in background, as Chinese defenders move to successfully repel the Japanese forces. New map illustrates subsequent Japanese move, annexing Jehol, from occupied Manchukuo, and Korea. Japanese troops entering a town in Jehol. Sun newspaper headline: "League Censures Japan." Chinese diplomat protesting at League of Nations. Japanese troops exiting railroad trains in Jehol. Aisin Gioro Puyi aka Henry Pu Yi, Kangde Emperor (Kang-te Emperor) of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo, is seen saluting Japanese troops on parade. Closeup of Puyi wearing shaded glasses, looking directly into the camera. chiang Kai-shek, with other Chinese officers. Reenactment of barbarian forces riding against China and thwarted by the Great Wall. Many Chinese walking in a long line along the Great Wall. Map tracing the Great Wall across China. Aerial view of the Great Wall from overflying airplane. Japanese troops marching through a city gate; infantry climbing a sheer cliff; and helmeted Japanese soldiers marching past civilians in a city. Map illustrated progress of Chinese unification by year 1937. Japanese officers conferring during occupation. Japanese troops leave a barracks, riding in open trucks. A line of the troop trucks moving along the dirt street of a town. The troops climb from their trucks in the town.

Date: 1941
Duration: 3 min 59 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675025181
Beginnings of the Second Sino-Japanese war

Sign over American Embassy in China. Colonel William Mayer, former military attache in that embassy relates events precipitating Second Sino-Japanese war. Scenes of the Marco Polo bridge near Peking, on night of July 7, 1937, as Japanese artillery bombards the area. Animated map shows movement of Japanese forces out of Manchuria to occupy Peiping and Tientsin. Victorious Japanese troops stand atop a building, raising their flags and shouting cries of victory. Japanese army officers sit around a table smiling and contended and others walk in a group. Chinese artillery crews are seen retaliating as they fire field pieces at Japanese positions in Shanghai. Shells explode in background, and Chinese infantry advance through damaged buildings and rubble. Animated map shows Shanghai and other cities, and film transitions to view of the bustling city of Shanghai on the Yangtze River. In the seaport, large ocean liners and freighters, as well as tug boats and Junks, are seen. What looks like a Japanese Tachikawa Ki.54 Type 1 transport plane takes off over a Chinese pagoda. Double-decker buses travel through the streets. Rickshaws are also seen. Map outlines the foreign residential areas of the French Concession and the International Settlement. American, British and Japanese flags are shown in the International Settlement. Detachments of troops from Japan, Britain, France, and United States Marines are seen. A U.S. Marine is posted as a sentry at the Shanghai Power Company. Coolies carry heavy bucket on a long pole. British, French and Japanese troops also performed sentry duties. Japanese troops and armored cars are seen. A scuffle breaks out in August, 1937, and Japanese soldiers start moving in trucks, take up firing positions, and begin firing guns from their armored cars. Map shows Chinese counterattack pushing the Japanese contingent toward the Khangpoo River. Next it shows Japanese warships and reinforcements in the Yangtze River and their advance toward Woosung and Shanghai. Views of Japanese warships bombarding the shore and large explosions from their striking shells. Beachhead is shown South of Shanghai, where two divisions of Japanese infantry are seen arriving in landing craft. They advance across the fields toward Shanghai. Map shows Chinese withdrawals to West and South, toward Nanking and Hangchow. Chinese medics along with infantry march in retreat. Japanese pilots are seen being briefed. Next, Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are seen in flight, and bombardiers and other crew in them. Bombs falling on the city. Civilians running for cover as bombs explode. Aichi D3A1 aircraft dropping bombs. The Shanghai waterfront being bombed and civilians running.

Date: 1937
Duration: 5 min 27 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675025182
Aerial bombing of Shanghai City by Japanese during Second Sino-Japanese war

Japanese air attack against city of Shanghai, at start of 2nd Sino-Japanese war. Formation of Japanese 93-Shiki Soukei bombers in flight (Mitsubishi Type 93 Twin engine Light Bombers). Bombs falling from aircraft with city seen below. Bomb striking ground with large explosion. Civilians running for cover. Buildings on fire. Bombs striking ships in the Shanghai port. Buildings aflame. Japanese Aichi D3A1 aircraft diving. (anachronistic insert) Panic in the streets as people use any means of escape, carrying belongings in wagons and rushing into the International Settlement, by hundreds, or thousands, moving past British and French soldiers. French soldiers pass an infant to safety, across a barbed wire barrier. Shanghai International Settlement gates are closed as thousands remain outside, pressed against the barriers. Views of Chinese people crammed into the streets. Then they stampede into the center of the city, where some are trapped under falling buildings. More scenes of bomb explosions and burning buildings. A formation of Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers in flight overhead. More bombs exploding in the city. Fires burning and heavy smoke rising over the city. Dead and injured Chinese civilians. Firefighters spraying water on burning building. People trying to aid one another amongst dead and dying everywhere. Wounded being carried on stretchers and dead being piled into an open truck. Animated map showing Japanese occupying the entire peninsula east of Shanghai and then executing a coordinated drive through Soochow (Suzhou) and Kahsingfu, toward Nanking (Nanjing).

Date: 1937, September 10
Duration: 3 min 5 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675025183
Battle of Nanking in China during second Sino-Japanese war

Japanese forces attack city of Nanking in 2nd Sino-Japanese war. Animated map shows Japanese forces moving from Shanghai towards Nanking. Arrow points to the American gunboat, USS Panay, in the Yangtze River. View of the USS Panay in the river, with large American flag displayed on its covering. A Japanese Navy Nakajima E8N reconnaissance plane in flight overhead. Explosions on shore of river as viewed from the USS Panay. Sailors firing anti-aircraft gun from the Panay. Wounded and dead U.S. sailors being evacuated from the gunboat as it sinks from bombing. The evacuation launch pulling away from the Panay. View of the Panay sinking by the stern in the Yangtze. Scene shifts to Chinese troops entrenched in defenses of Nanking. Chinese troops running to defensive positions from their fort. View from above of Japanese artillery crews firing field pieces. View from Japanese lines of shells striking Chinese fortifications on hill in distance. Closeups of Chinese infantry defending from wooded area in hills. Closeup of Japanese soldiers firing 75mm field artillery pieces and infantry advancing as their bugler sounds charge on his horn. View from fortress wall as Chinese army defenders stand ready to meet the charge. Japanese gunners firing 75mm field gun (Model 94). Japanese infantry breaching Chinese defenses and using scaling ladders to climb them. Japanese infantry charging toward the camera. They break open an entrance gate to the Chinese fortress and charge inside. Carrying Rising Sun flag, the Japanese infantry begin attacks within the Nanking city proper. some huddle behind a 75mm gun firing down a street. City buildings falling to shellfire. Infantry running through the city. Dense smoke rising from shelling. Japanese infantry running down an alley, with Pagoda in background. Field piece firing point blank at a building. Fires burning. Japanese troops celebrating victory as the city falls to them.

Date: 1937, December 9
Duration: 1 min 58 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675025184
Rape of Nanking during 2nd Sino-Japanese war

Massacres in Nanking during second Sino-Japanese war. Japanese army troops and Type 89 I-Go tanks enter city gates to occupy Nanking, China. they break into a building and take away a Chinese man on a rope tether. Chinese inhabitants confined by the city walls are unable to escape brutal treatment by Japanese soldiers who are seen dragging men, women and children to be shot. Many are herded into a pit where Japanese soldiers standing above, execute them with rifle fire, as others fill the pit with earth, burying any survivors alive. Two Chinese kneeling with arms tied behind them are summarily executed by soldiers with rifles. A Japanese officer follows with a pistol to assure their death. Bodies of dead Chinese civilians litter an alleyway. Many scenes of Chinese killed by Japanese. (Narrator states that Japanese troops murdered 40 thousand men, women and children.) Japanese Field Marshal Count Terauchi Hisaichi is seen stepping from a transport airplane, followed by Field Marshal Shunroku Hata. Count Terauchi looks pleased as he is greeted and exchanges salutes with other officers. Next, the scene reverts, again to the horrors of Chinese peoples' suffering in Nanking, at the hands of the Japanese soldiers. Views of injured and wounded Chinese civilians, at a hospital, in pictures taken by an American Missionary, and smuggled out of china. A woman holding her injured husband as he lies against a cushion in a street. A small child stands near them. Scene shifts to a smiling Field Marshal Shunroku Hata, greeting local commanders, while photographers record the event in background. Views revert to the destruction and human tragedy in Nanking. A picture of Chinese leader, Sun Yat Sen. Chiang Kai-Shek speaking at a podium, and other Chinese political leaders speaking to gathered people, throughout unoccupied China, encouraging them to unite and resist Japanese aggression. Chinese people parading with banners to encourage resistance. Chinese soldiers and political leaders collaborating to raise armies. Chiang Kai-Shek ascending to Political leadership, exhorting Chinese to unite and fight the Japanese. Numerous scenes of rallies calling for unity and resistance. Chinese military officers standing as Chiang Kai-Shek enters a planning session. He sits and then they do. Behind him on the wall is a map of China. Closeup of Chiang as he outlines a strategy to slowly yield territory to Japanese invaders, to buy time for developing and arming Chinese forces. One of his staff goes to a wall map and gestures as he speaks. Next, Chinese soldiers are seen setting dynamite charges and blowing up lines of communication (roads). Chinese people pour petrol on grain fields and set them ablaze. Factory buildings being blown up and similar destruction as China pursues a "scorched earth" policy to hinder the Japanese invaders. Millions of Chinese people on the move to Western parts of China. (Narrator calls this the greatest human migration ever recorded.)

Date: 1937
Duration: 5 min 19 sec
Sound: Yes
Color: Monochrome
Clip Type: Edited
Language: English
Clip: 65675025185